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欢迎报考广东财经大学硕士研究生，祝你考试成功！（第 1 页 共 1 页）
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广东财经大学硕士研究生入学考试试卷
考试年度：2014 年 考试科目代码及名称：613-普通语言学
适用专业：050201 英语语言文学
［友情提醒：请在考点提供的专用答题纸上答题，答在本卷或草稿纸上无效！］
一、名词解释（10 题，每题 3 分，共 30 分）
1. pragmatics 2. diachronic linguistics
3. allophones 4. morpheme
5. cohesion 6. cognitive linguistics
7. hyponymy 8. contrastive analysis
9. American structuralism 10. Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
二、判断题 （5 题，每题 8 分，共 40 分）
1. The Cooperative Principle, an important pragmatic principle proposed by P. Grice,
aims to explain how we mean more than we say.
2. Phonetics studies the rules governing the structure, distribution, and sequencing
of speech sounds and the shape of syllables.
3. [m] is a “bilabial lateral”, [j] a “palatal approximant”, and [h] a “glottal
fricative”.
4. Relevance is a matter of degree. The larger effect produced, the greater the
relevance; the smaller effort cost, the greater the relevance.
5. Exocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent to
that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which
serves as a definable centre or head.
三、简答题 （5 题，每题 8 分，共 40 分）
1. What is the major difference between Saussure’s distinction between langue and
parole and Chomsky’s distinction between competence and performance?
2. Divide the following words into Roots, IA (inflectional affix) and/or DA
(derivational affix). e.g. transformations: trans (DA)- form (Root) –ation (DA)
-s (IA)
1) unconscious 2) earthquakes 3) misled 4) geese
3. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more complicated examinations” by means
of IC analysis.
4. Draw a tree diagram according to PS rules to show the deep structure of the sentence:
The kid broke a vase yesterday.
5. Which of the Conversational Maxims is being violated in the following
conversation?
A: So you like icecream. What are your favourite flavours?
B: Hamburger … fish and chips.
四、论述题 （2 题，每题 20 分，共 40 分）
1. What are the main differences between pragmatics and semantics?
2. Explain the following remark with examples or make some comments:
Each language articulates or organises the world differently. Languages do not
simply name existing categories; they articulate their own.
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