We here highly resolve that these dead should not die in vain-that this nation, under god, shall have new birth of freedom——and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the world. (译文:我们在此立志誓愿,不能让他们白白死去——要使这个国家在上帝庇佑之下,得到新生的自由——要使那民有、民治、民享的政府不致从地球上消失。)
在本句中,“We here highly resolve……”是整个句子的主句,作者通过“that”引导“that these dead should not die in vain”,“that this nation,under god,shall have new birth of freedom” ,“that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the world.”等三个从句,那么在最后一个从句之前还用了“and”这个连接词将几个从句连接起来。而如果没有“that”,“and”这几个连接词,句子就会松散不堪。
再比如汉语说“他不来,我不走。”这句话包含了两层意思,完全通过意义联系起来,两分句之间不用任何连词。而如果翻译成因为则必须用连接词语,即:I won‘t go unless he comes. 或者我们说:I will stay until he comes.
举一个2001年考研的题目来看一下。
Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.(译文:儿童将与装有个性芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍,具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具,人们将在气味电视前休闲,这时数字时代就来到了。)