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Part A
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1_
homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly
__2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must
support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost
housing. __5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless.
Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary,
analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__,
one of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless
will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become
increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__
that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good
number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem
is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant
number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not
addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn
their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation
will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of
the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley
College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of programs. What’s
need is a package deal.”
1. [A] Indeed [B] Likewise [C] Therefore [D] Furthermore
2. [A] stand [B] cope [C] approve [D] retain
3. [A] in [B] for [C] with [D] toward
4. [A] raise [B] add [C] take [D] keep
5. [A] Generally [B] Almost [C] Hardly [D] Not
6. [A] cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
7. [A]now that [B]although [C]provided [D]Except that
8. [A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
9. [A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
10. [A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
11. [A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
12. [A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
13. [A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
14. [A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
15. [A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
16. [A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
17. [A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
18. [A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
19. [A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
20. [A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing
machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress
and discourse, and the casualness and absence of consumption” launched by the
19th--century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant
atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.” these
were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned
shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and
sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be
altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National
Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither
at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were
9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the 10 years prior to 1990,
3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890,
9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation –language, home
ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the
fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’
after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual
and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is
lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as
a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign–born immigrants who had arrived
before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8
percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do
U.S –born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic
women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian–American women are
married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez note that children in remote villages around the world are fans of
superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear
that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the
nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed.
It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed
against America’s turbulent past, today’s social induces suggest a dark and
deteriorating social environment.
21.The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means
[A] identifying
[B] associating
[C] assimilating
[D] monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century
[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture.
[B] became intimate shops for common consumers.
[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
23.The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.
[A] are resistant to homogenization.
[B] exert a great influence on American culture.
[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture.
[D] constitute the majority of the population.
24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph
5?
[A] To prove their popularity around the world.
[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.
[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25.In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American
society is
[A] rewarding.
[B] successful.
[C] fruitless.
[D] harmful.
Tex2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry-William
Shakespeare-but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile
branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb
productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And
there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see
the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and
the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to
their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair
and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you
consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a
beard) and did his share of noise - making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by
bus- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side – don’t
usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in
Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight - seeing along with
their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the
town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights)
pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in
everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute
directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor
traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or
cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure
will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo
Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company
needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a
row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 per cent occupied all year long and this
year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and
ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the
young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely
for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come
from all over) –lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals,
eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the
theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers
and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paras , we learn that
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town’s revenue
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism
27. It can be inferred from Para 3 that
A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph
4), the author implies that
A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties
C. the town is not really short of money
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because
A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending
B. the company is financially ill-managed
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise
30. From the text we can conclude that the author
A. is supportive of both sides
B. favors the townsfolk’s view
C. takes a detached attitude
D. is sympathetic
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strong
happened to the large animals; they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species
survived, the large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly
hunted to extinction.
Now something similar could be happening in the oceans that the seas are
being over-fished has been known for years what researchers such as Ransom Myers
and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked
at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods de not
attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter)
of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that
biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the
biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) inanes
fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of
exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then Dr. Worm
acknowledges that these figures are conservative, one reason for this is that
fishing technology has improved Today’s vessels can find their prey using
satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago that means a higher
proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between
present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch
sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with
fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since to baited
hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of
fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a
lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a
problem, because there are fewer sharks around noise.
Dr. Myers and Dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which
future management efforts must take into account. They believe the date support
an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The
notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have
happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively
short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum
sustainable yield that can be cropped form a fishery comes when the biomass of a
target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well
below that, which is a bad way to de business.
31、The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
A、 large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment
B、 small species survived as large animals disappeared
C、 large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D、 Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32、who can infer form Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
A、 the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%
B、 there are only half as many fisheries are there were 15 years ago
C、 the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount
D、 the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisherish than in the
old
33、By saying these figures are conservative (line in ,paragragf-3), Dr
worm means that
A、 fishing technology has improved rapidly
B、 then catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded
C、 the marine bio mass has suffered a greater loss
D、 the date collected so far are pit pf date.
34 、Dr Myers and other researchers hold that
A、people should look for a baseline that can’t work for a longer time
B、fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C、the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
D、people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situation.
35、The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
A、 management efficiency
B、 biomass level
C、 catch-size limits
D、 technological application.
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this:
artists' only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the
ones that feel bad.
This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music,
are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century,
more artists began seeing happiness as insipid, phony or, worst of all, boring
as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern
times have seen such misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know
perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may
be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely
dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost
exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in
which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked
until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before
mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church,
which reminded worshippers that their souls were in peril and that they would
someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art
to be a bummer too.
Today the messages your average Westerner is bombarded with are not religious
but commercial, and forever happy .Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text
messengers, all smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and
happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda--to
lure us to open our wallets to make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable.
"Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found
out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
What we forget--what our economy depends on is forgetting--is that happiness
is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry
the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by
promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us as religion once did,
Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that
happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even
more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author
intends to show that
A. Poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
B. Art grow out of both positive and negative feeling.
C. Poets today are less skeptical of happiness.
D. Artist have changed their focus of interest.
37. The word “bummer” (Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something
A. religious B. unpleasant C. entertaining D. commercial
38.In the author’s opinion, advertising
A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy part.
B. is a cause of disappointment for the general peer
C. replace the church as a major source of information
D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
39.We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes
A .Happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
B. The anti-happy art is distasteful by refreshing.
C. Misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
D .The anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms
40.Which of the following is true of the text?
A Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
B Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
C People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
D mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
Part B
On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville,Ind, home of David
Willianis ,52,and of a riverboat casinola place where gambling games are played
.During several years of gambling in that casino ,Williams a state auditor
earning $35,000 a year ,last approximately $175,000 . He had never gambled
before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left .On his second visit he lost
$800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a “Fun Card”, which when
used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to
track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what
he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41) ,In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In march 1997
he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night,
until the boat locked at 5 a.m , then went back aboard when the casino opened at
9 a.m .Now he is suing the casino ,charging that it should have refused his
patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In march 1998,a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confined to a
treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s
gamblers. The casinno included a photo of Williams among those of banned
gamblers, and wrote to him a” cease admissions” letter noting the “medical
/psychological” nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that
before being readmitted to the patronizing the casino would pose no threat to
his safety or well-being.
(42)
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning,“enjoy
the fun and always bet with your head ,not over it .”Every entrance ticket lists
a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health
.Nevertheless Williams’s suit charged that the casino ,knowing he was
“helplessly addicted to gambling”intentionally worked to “love” him to “engage
in conduct against his will” well.
(43)
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental
Disorders says “pathological gambling ”involves president, recurring and
uncontrollable pursuit loss of money than of the thrill of taking risks in quest
of a windfall.
(44) , .Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is
reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as
personality disorders skin to physical disabilities
(45)
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states
are to varying degrees dependent on__you might say addicted to__revenues from
wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in
1995,competition for gambler’s dollars has become intense. The Oct.28 issue of
Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual cosines every
week, with $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has
,passed pornography as the web’s webs most profitable business.
(A). Although no such evidence was preserved, the casino’s marketing
department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino ad
used his Fun Card without being detected. (B) It is unclear what luring was
required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will
operative?
(C) By the time he had lost $5,00, he said to himself that if he could get
back to even , he would quit , one night he won $5,500 ,but he did not quit.
(D) Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a
long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease . Now it is a
social policy , the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in
America is the government .
(E) David Williamds suit should trouble this gambling nation . But don’t bet
on it .
(F) It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral
problems , often defining as addiction what earlier ,sterner generations
explained as weakness of will.
(G) the anoymous ,lonely ,undistracted nature of online gambling is
especaillly conductive to compulsive behavior . But even if the government knew
how to more against Internet gambling , what would be its grounds for doing so?
Part C
Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no
account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father
Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals
who have rejected American. But they have done more than that. They have grown
dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not American, who have
become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an
intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his
primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way
about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and
frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions,
finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual
and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to
that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a
matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as
intellectuals----the average scientist for one. 48) I have excluded him because,
while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he
has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of
those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in
everyday performance of his routine duties--- he is not supposed to cook his
experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary
task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more
than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of
rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his
code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that
teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their
living (50) They may teach very well , and more than earn their salaries ,but
most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which
involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent
scholars. “Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living
in public and industrious thoughts”, as Emersion would say, “is something
else.”
Section III writing
Part A
51 Directions:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child
in a remote area, write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to
help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help
and how you will carry out you plan. Write your letter in no less than 100
words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead.
Do not write the address. (10 points)
Part B
52 Directions: study the following photos carefully and write an essay in
which you should:
1) describe the photos briefly
2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them ,and
3) give you point of view
You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2(20 points)
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