写作中的翻译法 （周固）

这些句子摘自大学英语课本，都是很好的写作操练材料，对考生的作文词句规范化很有帮助。反复分析句子结构和词汇词语，然后通过汉译英的反复的回译操练，直至以后英语写作中想到相关汉语就能出现对应英语表达的程度。

1． Do you often go online chatting with strangers? Everyday, millions of people, especially the young, are online chatting with friends or with strangers. 你经常上网闲聊吗？每天有数百万人，尤其年轻人，在网上与网友或陌生人聊天。

2． The successful launch and return of the manned spacecraft Shenzhou IV is deemed both a symbol of national prestige and a sign of advanced science and technology, which will definitely contribute to the economic growth of our country. 载人航天飞机神州五号的成功发射及返回既是国家荣誉的一个象征，也是先进的科技能力的标志，这对我国的经济发展无疑会产生促进作用。

3． We all know that China is still a developing country and its education still lags behind that of developed countries. Many young Chinese are denied chances of receiving higher education because of insufficient educational facilities. 我们都知道，中国还是一个发展中的国家，其教育水平仍然落后于发达国家。不少中国年青人由于教育设施的匮乏而得不到接受高等教育的机会。

4． They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, they won many victories, which led them to believe that anything was possible and that nothing could stand in their way. But Russia’s icy defender proved them wrong. 人道是骄兵必败。就拿拿破仑和希特勒（Napoleon and Hitler）来说吧，他们所想披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。但俄罗斯的冰雪战士证明他们错了。

5． Well begun is half done, as the saying goes. It is extremely important for a job applicant to make sufficient preparations while seeking employment. From my standpoint, whether or not one has prepared adequately clearly makes a difference in (affects) his chance of success. I have a friend who is earning around 100 thousand dollars a year in a computer software company. He told me that, from his own experience, those who can decide whether an applicant could be employed prefer people who are well prepared. 常言道，好的开端是成功的一半。在求职时，求职者事先做好充分的准备是非常重要的。我认为，事先做不做准备常常会影响求职者的成功机会。我有一个朋友在一家计算机软件公司供职，年薪十万美元左右。他根据自己的经历告诉我说，那些对未来雇员具有录用决定权的人喜欢有充分准备的人。

6． I consider it worthwhile trying to summarize our experience in learning English. Here I would like to make three relevant points. First, extensive reading should be taken as a priority in the learning process, because it is through reading that we get the most language input. Next, learning by heart as many well-written essays as possible is also very important. With an enormous store of excellent essays in our heads, we will find it much easier to express ourselves in English. Finally, it is critical that we should put what we have learnt into practice. By doing more reading, writing, listening and speaking, we will be able to accomplish the task of perfecting our English. 我认为总结一下学习英语的经验是值得一试的。这里，我想谈谈三个相关的问题。首先，大量阅读应被视作学习过程中的重点，因为我们是通过阅读获取最大量语言输入的。其次，尽可能多背熟一些好文章也十分重要。大脑中储存了大量很好的文章，我们在用英语表达自己思想的时候，就会觉得容易多了。最后，我们应把所学到的东西用到实践中去，这是至关重要的。通过多读、多写、多听、多说，我们就能完成提高英语水平的任务。

7． Is America going to decline like other great powers (nations) in history ? The author thinks not, arguing that the type of society created in America is quite unlike any that has gone before it. Read what he has to say and see whether you agree. 美国是否会如同历史上其他强国一样走向衰亡？作者持否定态度，认为美国创建的社会模式不同于任何已出现的社会模式。读一读他的观点，看看你是否同意。

8． More than a decade ago, the mobile phone was a luxury for only a few, but now it is very common. The rapid spread of the mobile phone is perhaps one of the great miracles of our time. 十几年前，手机只是少数人才能使用的奢侈品，但现在手机已很普遍。手机的快速普及也许是我们时代的伟大奇迹之一。

9． Some people seem easy to understand：their character appears obvious on first meeting. Appearances, however, can be deceptive. For thirty years now I have been studying my fellowmen. I don’t know very much about them. I shrug my shoulders when people tell me that their first impressions of a person are always right. I think they must have small insight or great vanity. For my own part I find that the longer I know people, the more they puzzle me. 有些人似乎容易了解：他们的个性在初次交往时就表露无遗。然而，外表可能具有欺骗性。三十年来，我一直在研究我的人类同胞，但至今了解不多。每当有人跟我说他对一个人的首次印象向来不错的时候，我就耸耸肩。我想这种人不是无知，就是自大。就我而言，我觉得，认识一个人的时间越长，就越觉得困惑。(be ignorant or self-righteous；self-centered; self-confident; self-discipline; self-educated; self-employed; self-esteem; selfish)

10． As the pace of life in today’s world grows ever faster, we seem forever on the go. With so much to do and so little time to do it in, how are we to cope? Dr. Smith sets about untangling the problem and comes up with an answer. 随着当今世界生活节奏日益加快，我们似乎一直在不停奔忙。事情那么多，时间却那么少，我们该怎么办？史密斯博士着手解决这一问题，并提出了解决方法。

11． In America many people have a romantic idea of life in the countryside. Many living in towns dream of starting up their own farm, of living off the land. Few get round to putting their dreams into practice. This is perhaps just as well, as the life of a farmer is far from easy, as Jim Doherty discovered when he set out to combine being a writer with running a farm. Nevertheless, as he explains, he has no regrets and remains enthusiastic about his decision to change his way of life. 在美国，不少人对乡村生活怀有浪漫的想象，许多居住在城镇的人梦想着自己办个农场，梦想着靠土地为生。很少有人真去把梦想变为现实。或许这也没有什么不好，因为，正如吉姆多而第当初开始其写作和农场经营双重生涯时所体验到的那样，农耕生活远非轻松自在。但他写到，自己并不后悔，对自己做出的改变生活方式的决定仍然热情不减。

12． Professor Huntington’s paper greatly inspired me. According to him, in a plural society, there will inevitably be different opinions. The key is to deal with them in such a way that they can play a constructive rather than destructive role. He argues that in a plural society we must stress/attach importance to interpersonal relationships, cooperation, and look at issues from the perspective of other people. If some groups regard themselves as superior and treat other ethnic groups or religions with disrespect, the whole society may be paralyzed. I am convinced that if we put into practice the ideas mentioned above, then there is the possibility of creating a new civilization. Huntington教授的论文使我深受启发。他认为，在一个多元化(plural)社会里，不同意见是不可避免的。关键在于怎样正确对待不同意见，使之发挥建设性、而非破坏性的作用。他还说，在一个多元化（plural）社会里，我们必须重视人际关系，强调合作，多从他人视角考虑问题。如果某些群体自视高人一筹，不尊重其他种族或宗教，那么整个社会有可能陷入瘫痪。我相信，要是我们把上述想法付诸实践，那我们就有可能创造出一种新的文明。

13． Making a living as a door-to-door salesman demands a thick skin, both to protect against the weather and against constantly having the door shut in your face. Bill Porter puts up with all this and much, much more. 干挨家挨户上门推销这一营生得脸皮厚，这是因为干这一行不仅要经受风吹日晒，还要承受一次又一次的闭门羹。比尔.波特忍受着这一切，以及别的种种折磨。

14． When children take up ways of making a living that differ greatly from their parents, differences in outlook can easily arise. This is what Alfred found. Brought up in the family of a building worker, education led him to develop different interests and ambitions from his father. Here he writes about how this affected their relationship. 当子女的谋生方式与父母大相径庭时，很容易产生观念上的差异。这正是Alfred的发现。他在一个建筑工人的家庭里长大，他所受的教育使他产生了不同于父亲的兴趣和抱负。他在本文中叙述了这一差异如何影响着他们的父子关系。