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中国人民大学2002年研究生入学考试试题

招生专业：英语语言文学

考试科目：基础英语 英文写作

考试时间：1月27日上午

考题编号：329

一、基础英语 (8o%)

I. Vocabulary and Written Expressions (10%)

Directions: Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.

1. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is_______, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems.

A. impartial B. jolting C. integrating D. converting

2. Today, the railway remains the backbone of Russia’s________, and Moscow intends to take its economic potential to the limit.

A. infrastructure B structure C. discipline D. foundation

3. Not getting a _______job is calamitous, but the consequences of being held up are seldom that serious.

A. coveted B. prominent C worthwhile D. wicked

4. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or_________, to name only a few personality gaits.

A. pedagogic B. discernible C. evaporated D. exuberant

5. Traffic _______ are less likely to irritate if you are not hungry, thirsty, hot, cold or in desperate need of a bathroom.

A. stipulations B. congestions C. tie-ups D. norms

6. The most impatient people-the ones who ________ the waiting area and complained loudly.

A. probe B. grope C. propel D prowl

7. In early jazz, musicians often ________ melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of polyphony.

A. improvised B agitated C. frazzled D. facilitated

8. If we can accept that the world is ours to enjoy but not made for our convenience, we’ll be better able to move through it equably, more patient with the ordinary _______of life and a good companion to our fellow human beings - and to ourselves.

A. evolution B. vicissitudes C. vicinity D. validity

9. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or _______ by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

A. abridged B. patronized C. abbreviated D. Envisaged

10 US President George Bush rejected the________, fearing that cutting the use of fossils fuel would damage.

A. proposition B. protocol C. hypothesis D. Proposal

II. Directions: In this passage there are altogether l0 mistakes. Try to detect the mistakes and write out your corrected answer in the numbered bracket. (20 %)

Despite the modem desire to be easy and casual, Americans from time to tame give thought to the language they use, to grammar, vocabulary, and official languages And, as at other issues, they divide into two parties. (1.______) The larger, which Includes everybody from the plain people to the professional writer, takes for granted that there is a fight way to use words and construct sentences and many wrong ways. The right way is believed to be clearer, simpler, more logical, and hence more likely to prevent error and confusion. Good writing is easier to be read’, it offers a pleasant combination of sound and sense. (2.______)

Against this majority view is the doctrine of an opposing minority, who .make up their small number by their great world of scholarship. (3._______) They are the professional linguists who deny that there is such a thing as correctness. The language, they say, is what anybody and very body speaks. Hence there must be no interference with which they regard as a product of nature. (4._____) They advocate all attempts at guiding choice; (5.______) their governing principle is summed up in the title of a speech by a distinguishable member of the profession: “Can Native Speakers of a Language Make Mistakes?” (6.______)

Within the profession of linguists there are, of course, no fighting factions, but, on this conception of language as a natural growth with which it is criminal to interfere, (7._____) they, are at one. In their arguments one finds appeals to feelings of social iniquity (all words and forms are equally good) (8.______) and individual freedom (one may do what one likes with one’ s own speech). These beliefs further suggest that the desire for correctness, the very idea of better or worse in speech, is what is left over from noble and humble times. To the linguists, change is the only rule to obey. (9.______) They consider it to be equal with life and accuse their critics for being clock-revisers, enemies of freedom, menaces to “life.” (10.______)

III. Cloze Test (20%)

Directions. Fill in the each of the blanks .in the following passages with one suitable word.

Beijing wins 2008 Games

DELIGHT and ecstasy still could be seen on the faces of the Chinese people after the historic announcement that Beijing had been 1 the 2008 Olympics last Friday.

In a secret, 2 the International Olympic Committee (IOC) chose Beijing 3 Toronto, Paris, Istanbul, and Osaka.

Beijing prevailed it the second round of voting by a wide 4 - 56 votes to Beijing, 22 for Toronto, l8 for Paris and nine for Istanbul. Osaka had been 5 after getting just six votes in the first round “This will be very beneficial for China and for the rest of the world” said IOC President Juan Antonio Samaranch who stepped down on Monday after 21 years as president.

“This has a huge meaning for us,” said Zhang Mingeng, a real estate mogul in Beijing “It 6 a recognition of China by the international community.”

The IOC victory is 7 of two major events facing China this year, each with great 8 for the future of China and its political system.

In 9 , China is expected to enter the World Trade Organization (WTO) and agree to market-opening measures “Both the Olympics and the WTO symbolize a great 10 for China.” said Zhang “They are both 11 and opportunities.”

“Obviously the I2 is going to be good for economic growth and job opportunities,” said Pan Yong, a taxi driver “I will take time to learn English to be a 13 to welcome thousands of foreign tourists and 14 to Beijing in 2008”

“It’s an 15 for Beijing to improve 16 and public transportation Life will soon be much better in Beijing.” said Jiang Zhang a student at Beijing Language and Cultural University

“The opening ceremony should be 17 something that can embody our cultural tradition. our specific ethnic features, and it should be 18 in one’s lifetime. In 2008, I’ll definitely go to the gyms and 19 for the athletes. Now I will do what I can to help the Olympics 20 well.”

“We hope to be interpreters at that time to help the foreigners who come to Beijing,” said Felix Zimmermann from Germany, who studies in Beijing Language and Cultural University.

IV. Reading Comprehension (30%)

Section A

Directions: This part consists of two passages. In this part them are 10 questions to be answered. Choose the best answer to each question. (20points)

Passage One

A folk culture is a small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous m custom and race, with a strong family or clay structure and highly developed rituals, Order is maintained through sanctions based in the religion or family, and interpersonal relationships are strong. Tradition is paramount, and change comes infrequently and slowly. There is relatively little division of labor into specialized duties. Rather, each person is expected to perform a great variety of tasks, though duties may differ between the sexes Most goods are handmade, and a subsistence economy prevails individualism is weakly developed in folk cultures, as are social classes. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modem equivalent in

Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American fanning sect that renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age. in Amish areas, horse-drawn buggies still serve as a local transportation device, and the faithful are not pertained to own automobiles. The Amish’ s central religious concept of Demut, “humility”, clearly reflects the weakness of individualism and social class so typical of folk cultures, and there is a corresponding strength of Amish group identity. Rarely do the Amish marry outside their sect. The religion, a variety of the Mennonite faith, provides the principal mechanism for maintaining order

By contrast, a popular culture is a large heterogeneous group, often highly individualistic and constantly changing. Relationships tend to be impersonal, and a pronounced division &labor exists, leading to the establishment of many specialized professions. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. “Because of these contrasts, “popular” may be viewed as clearly different from “folk”. The popular is replacing the folk in industrialized countries and in many developing nations, Folk-made objects give way to their popular equivalent, usually because the popular item is more quickly or cheaply produced, is easier or rune saving to use, or lends more prestige to the owner

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

(A) Two decades in modern society.

(B) The influence of industrial technology.

(D) The specialization of labor in Canada and the United States.

2. Which of the following is typical of folk cultures?

(A) There is a money-based economy

(B) Social change occurs slowly.

(D) Each person develops one specialized skill.

3. What does the author imply about the United States and Canada9

(A) They value folk cultures.

(B) They have no social classes.

(D) They do not value individualism

4. Which of the following statements about Amish beliefs does the passages support?

(A) A variety of religious practices is tolerated.

(B) Individualism and competition are important

(D) People are defined according to their class.

5. Which of the following is NOT given as a reason why folk-made objects are replaced by mass-produced objects?

(A) Cost.

(B) Prestige.

(D) Convenience.

Passage Two

Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizens’ patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of political parry in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidates, television accelerated the citizen’s focus on character rather than issues.

Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely on are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized, ad nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second “sound bite: in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.

In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditional political discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issues in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.

Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it required a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech. Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words: Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which polities is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.

Recognizing the power of television’s pictures, politicians craft televised, staged events, called pseudo-events, designed to attract media coverage Much of the political activity we see on television, news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements

6. What is the mare point of the passage?

(A) Citizens in the United States are now more reformed about political issues because of television coverage.

(B) Citizens m the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person

(D) Politics m the United States has been significantly changed by television.

7. It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties

(A) had more influence over the selection of political candidates.

(B) spent more money to promote their political candidates.

(D) received more money

8. According to the passage, as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse was more successful at

(A) allowing news coverage of political candidates

(B) placing political issues within a historical context

(D) providing detailed information about candidate’s private behavior.

9. The author states that “politicians asset but do not argue” (line 18) in order to suggest that politician

(A) make claims without providing reasons for the claims.

(B) make stronger positions on issues than in the past.

(D) dislike having to explain their own positions on issues” to citizens.

10. Which of the following statements is supported by. the passage?

(A) Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.

(B) Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past

(D) Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.

Section B

Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the questions listed at the end of the following passage. (10 points)

The Irresponsibility That Spreads AIDS

From NEW YORK TIMES

ALAN Z. MAYER

The Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that more than 650,000 people in the United States are HIV positive, with at least 40,000 people newly infected every year. In a recent study, 40 percent of sexually active HIV patients did not inform a sex partner about their condition.

Despite the new drug therapies being developed, the of the AIDS epidemic is not m sight. Prevention is as important as enter. In the following essay, the author, who is HIV positive, sheds provocative yet necessary light on an important way, to slow the spread of this deadly virus.

NEARLY three years ago I tested positive for HIV. Since then I have discovered a support system that steadfastly refuses to encourage responsible behavior, and a society whose silence ensures the continued spread of this disease.

Most HIV-positive people I have encountered do not voluntarily disclose their status to potential partners. Indeed, even people in long-term relationships lie about their status. These are the realities of HIV transmission today.

The people I am talking about are the nothing like Nushawn Williams, the drug dealer who is believed to have infected numerous people in New York State. They did not grow up in ghettos surrounded by street gangs. They come from stable homes in safe neighborhoods They went to high school and college and graduate school.

They remain silent because it is difficult to tell the truth, and because their friends and community support them in their silence. Their doctors, psychiatrists, even the .AIDS organizations they call for help, offer comfort and sympathy but don’t necessarily encourage them to tell the truth.

We are more than 15 years into the AIDS epidemic, and I have been asked my status by prospective partners only twice Since testing positive, I’ve made a point of disclosing my status to any potential partner, all but one told me I was the first person to do so. Each believed that if he practiced safe sex, there would be no need to know.

I practiced safe sex. There is no such thing as safe sex, only levels of risk that one must choose. In making that choice, a partner’s HIV stares is the critical piece of information.

Leading advocacy groups have perpetuated the culture of irresponsibility. Last year when I called the hot line for Gay Men’s Health Crisis, one of the nation’s leading AIDS service agencies, I was advised to “experiment”-informing some partners of my HIV status while remaining silent with others. In this way I could decide which was more comfortable for me.

The CDC will only “suggest that you might want to consider informing your partner,” a hot-line counselor told me. Counselors at the San Francisco AIDS Foundation said it was their job to dispense information, not moral or ethical recommendations, and, again, that I must do what makes me feel-comfortable.

We are not talking about comfortable here. We are talking about life and death.

The emphasis on the individual’s right, without an equally strong emphasis on the individual’s responsibility, is wrong and is a direct cause of the spread of this disease.

Groups such as the Gay Men’s Health Crisis claim they cannot dictate behavior. But that is all the more reason that ADIS organizations have a responsibility to encourage people who are HIV positive to do what is right.

For year the AIDS community has rallied around the battle cry “Silenco=Death.” What it has failed to realize is that silence comes in many forms and that all are lethal.

Questions:

1 What are the main reasons that caused AIDS to spread so quickly nowadays from the point of view of the author, a HIV positive? Give examples to specify your views.

2. What measures does the human beings have to take to cope with the problem according to the author? And then what do you think should be done to protect people from being infected by that terrible disease?

二、英文写作 (20%)

V. Writing (20%)

Discuss the challenges and opportunities that China is facing with its entry into of the World Trade Organization (Your essay should contain no less than 800 words).

参考答案

中国人民大学2002年研究生入学考试试题

招生专业：英语语言文学

考试科目：基础英语 英文写作

一、基础英语 (8o%)

I. Vocabulary and Written Expressions (10%)

Directions: Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.

1. The high rate of species extinctions in these environments is____A___, but it is important to recognize the significance of biological diversity in all ecosystems.

A. impartial B. jolting C. integrating D. converting

2. Today, the railway remains the backbone of Russia’s___A_____, and Moscow intends to take its economic potential to the limit.

A. infrastructure B structure C. discipline D. foundation

3. Not getting a _____C__job is calamitous, but the consequences of being held up are seldom that serious.

A. coveted B. prominent C worthwhile D. wicked

4. Self-image can be indicated by a tone of voice that is confident, pretentious, shy, aggressive, outgoing, or____D_____, to name only a few personality gaits.

A. pedagogic B. discernible C. evaporated D. exuberant

5. Traffic ____B___ are less likely to irritate if you are not hungry, thirsty, hot, cold or in desperate need of a bathroom.

A. stipulations B. congestions C. tie-ups D. norms

6. The most impatient people-the ones who ____D____ the waiting area and complained loudly.

A. probe B. grope C. propel D prowl

7. In early jazz, musicians often ___A_____ melodies collectively, thus creating a kind of polyphony.

A. improvised B agitated C. frazzled D. facilitated

8. If we can accept that the world is ours to enjoy but not made for our convenience, we’ll be better able to move through it equably, more patient with the ordinary ____B___of life and a good companion to our fellow human beings - and to ourselves.

A. evolution B. vicissitudes C. vicinity D. validity

9. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or ___A____ by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

A. abridged B. patronized C. abbreviated D. Envisaged

10 US President George Bush rejected the____B____, fearing that cutting the use of fossils fuel would damage.

A. proposition B. protocol C. hypothesis D. Proposal

II. Directions: In this passage there are altogether l0 mistakes. Try to detect the mistakes and write out your corrected answer in the numbered bracket. (20 %)

参考答案

1. as at other issues---------as on other issues

2. it ( ) offers a pleasant combination-----------and it offers a pleasant combinatin

3.who make up their small number-----------who makes up their small number

4.interference with ( ) which they regard as a product of nature-----------interference with language which they regard as a product of nature

5.attempts at guiding choice----------attempts on guiding choice

6.a distinguishable member----------a distinguished member

7.there are, of course, no fighting factions---------there are, of course, fighting factions

8.feelings of social iniquity-------------------feelings of social equity

9.one may do what one likes ( ) with one’s own speech------------one may do what one likes to with one’s own speech

10.accuse their critics for being clock-reviser----------accuse their critics of being clock-reviser