武汉科技大学2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试

211翻译硕士英语考研真题

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2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题
科目名称：翻译硕士英语（□A卷√B卷）科目代码：211
考试时间：3小时   满分 100  分
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Part I. Vocabulary and Grammar (20 points, 1 point for each)
Directions: There are 20 statements in this section. After each statement there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Select the only one choice that best completes the statement. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
1. Among all the changes resulting from the _________ entry of women into the work force, the transformation that has occurred in the women themselves is not the least important. 
A. massive                      B. quantitative 
C. surplus                       D. formidable
2. No one can function properly if they are _________ of adequate sleep. 
A. deprived                      B. ripped          
C. stripped                       D. contrived
3. After four years in the same job his enthusiasm finally _________. 
A. deteriorated                     B. dispersed  
C. dissipated                       D. drained 
4. There is supposed to be a safety _________ which makes it impossible for trains to collide. 
A. appliance                      B. accessory 
C. machine                       D. mechanism
5. There is much I enjoy about the changing seasons, but my favorite time is the _________ from fall to winter. 
A. transmission                    B. transformation  
C. transition                       D. transfer
6. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from _________ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars. 
A. configuration                  B. constitution    
C. condemnation                  D. contamination
7. Whether you live to eat or eat to live, food is a major _________ in every family’s budget. 
A. nutrition                      B. expenditure     
C. routine                        D. provision
8. Fiber-optic cables can carry hundreds of telephone conversations _________. 
A. simultaneously                  B. spontaneously   
C. homogeneously                  D. contemporarily
9. Rumours are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situations into _________ ones. 
A. turbulent                       B. tragic          
C. vulnerable                      D. suspicious
10. The _________ cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike. 
A. incompatible                    B. exceeding       
C. instantaneous                    D. eternal
11. Little Jim should love _________ to the theatre this evening.   
A. to be taken                      B. to take 
 C. being taken                      D. taking
12. _________ a reply, he decided to write again. 
A. Not receiving                    B. Receiving not  
C. Not having received               D. Having not received
13. --- I _________ so busily recently that I _________ no time to help you with your maths. --- That’s OK. I can manage it by myself.   
A. had been working; had had          B. have worked; had
C. am working; will have              D. have been working; have
14. By this time next month, I __________ the task _________ to me last mouth.
　　A. have finished, given    B. will have finished, to be given
　　C. will have finished, given   D. have finished, to be given
15. While people may refer to television for up-to-the-minute news, it is unlikely that television _________ the newspaper completely.
　　A. have replaced                 B. replace   
C. will replace               D. replaced
16. The hours _________ the children spend in their one-way relationship with television people undoubtedly affect their relationship with real-life people. A．that                          B．when   
C．in which                      D．on which
17. We should often practise _________ English with each other.
A. to speak                        B. speak      
C. to speaking                      D. speaking
18. Bread and butter _________ what Americans usually have for breakfast.
A. are                             B. is 
C. were                            D. was
19. There _________ nothing more for discussion, the meeting came to an end half an hour earlier.
A. being                         B. is   
C. are                           D. been
20. What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _________ it is long.
A. half not as wide as              B. not half as wide as 
C. as half not wide as              D. not as half wide as

Part II. Error Correction (10 points, 1 point for each)  
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line. You are required to change a word, add a word or delete a word. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (Λ) in the right place and write the missing word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you delete a word, cross it and put a slash (/) in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. If you change a word, cross it and put your word in the corresponding blank on your answer sheet. Remember to write the correct number beside each blank on the answer sheet.
Internet jargon, or “netspeak”, is popular to young people.         21. ___________
It can be fun, convenient and, sometimes, vulgar. That vulgarity
came on fire in a new official report. On Oct 15, the Ministry      22. ___________
of Education released off a Chinese language report for 2014.      23. ___________
While affirming the negative role of some netspeak catchwords,    24. ___________
the report also called for the regulation of offensive Internet lingo.
According to the report, words like diaosi, or loser, epitomize     
the rude netspeak what has blanketed the Internet. Even some      25. ___________
medium outlets are using these words, said the report. “These    26. ___________
vulgar words amplify the negative emotions of some Web usages   27. ___________
and pollute the online community,” said an opinion piece by      
Xinhua. Behind every trend that lies a social or psychological      28. ___________
need, though. The popularity of vulgar Internet lingo results
from a tendency that the use of these vulgar words seen           29. ___________
as a mean of entertainment, the Workers’ Daily pointed out.        30. ___________

Part III. Reading Comprehension  (40 points, 2 point for each)  
Directions: Read the following passages and answer the questions. Choose the most appropriate answer for each question and circle the letter on the answer sheet. Remember to write the letter corresponding to the question number.
Questions 31-35 are based on the following passage:
In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of difference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to acknowledgeable elite.” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent .In the10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation-language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’ or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.” Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics（西班牙语国家的人；拉美裔人） “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.” By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
31. The word “homogenizing”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.
　　A. identifying
　　B. associating
　　C. assimilating
　　D. monopolizing
32. According to the author, the department stores of the 19thcentury________.
　　A. played a role in the spread of popular culture
　　B. became intimate shops for common consumers
　　C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite
　　D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption
33. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.
　　A. are resistant to homogenization
　　B. exert a great influence on American culture
　　C. are hardly a threat to the common culture
　　D. constitute the majority of the population
34. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
　　A. To prove their popularity around the world
　　B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants
　　C. To give examples of successful immigrants
　　D. To show the powerful influence of American culture
35. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is____.
　　A. rewarding
　　B. successful
　　C. fruitless
D. harmful
Questions 36-40 are based on the following passage:
A white kid sells a bag of cocaine at his suburban high school. A Latino kid does the same in his inner-city neighborhood. Both get caught. Both are first-time offenders. The white kid walks into juvenile court with his parents, his priest, a good lawyer-and medical coverage. The Latino kid walks into court with his mom, no legal resources and no insurance. The judge lets the white kid go with his family; he’s placed in a private treatment program. The minority kid has no such option. He’s detained.
There, in a nutshell, is what happens more and more often in the juvenile-court system. Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco. Once they are in adult courts, young black offenders are 18 times more likely to be jailed —— and Hispanics（西班牙语国家的人；拉美裔人）seven times more likely —— than are young white offenders. “Discrimination against kids of color accumulates at every stage of the justice system and skyrockets when juveniles are, tried as adults,” says Dan Macallair, a co-author of the new study. “California has a double standard: throw kids of color behind bars, but rehabilitate white kids who commit comparable crimes.”
Even as juvenile crime has declined from its peak in the early 1990s, headline grabbing violence by minors has intensified a get-tough attitude. Over the past six years, 43 states have passed laws that make it easier to try juveniles as adults. In Texas and Connecticut in 1996, the latest year for which figures are available, all the juveniles in jails were minorities. Vincent Schiraldi, the Justice Policy Institute’s director, concedes that “some kids need to be tried as adults. But most can be rehabilitated.”
　　Instead, adult prisons tend to brutalize juveniles. They are eight times more likely to commit suicide and five times more likely to be sexually abused than offenders held in juvenile detention. “Once they get out, they tend to commit more crimes and more violent crimes,” says Jenni Gainsborough, a spokeswoman for the Sentencing Project, a reform group in Washington. The system, in essence, is training career criminals. And it’s doing its worst work among minorities.
36. From the first paragraph we learn that _________.
　　A. the white kid is more lucky than the minority kid
　　B. the white kid has got a lot of help than the minority kid
　　C. the white kid and minority kid has been treated differently
　　D. the minority kid should be set free at once
37. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
　　A. Kids shouldn’t be tried as adults
　　B. Discrimination exists in the justice system
　　C. Minority kids are likely to commit crimes
　　D. States shouldn’t pass the laws
38. The word “skyrocket” (Line 9, Paragraph 2) means ________.
　　A. rising sharply
　　B. widening suddenly
　　C. spreading widely
　　D. expanding quickly
39. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
　　A. something seems to be wrong with the justice system
　　B. adult prisons have bad influence on the juveniles
　　C. juveniles in adult prison are ill-treated
　　D. the career criminals are trained by the system
40. The passage shows that the author is _________ the present situation.
　　A. amazed at
　　B. puzzled by
　　C. disappointed at
　　D. critical of
Questions 41-45 are based on the following passage:
Habits are a funny thing. We reach for them mindlessly, setting our brains on auto-pilot and relaxing into the unconscious comfort of familiar routine. “Not choice, but habit rules the unreflecting creatures,” William Wordsworth said in the 19th century. In the ever-changing 21st century, even the word “habit” carries a negative meaning.
So it seems contradictory to talk about habits in the same context as innovation. But brain researchers have discovered that when we consciously develop new habits, we create parallel paths, and even entirely new brain cells, that can jump our trains of thought onto new, innovative tracks.
Rather than dismissing ourselves as unchangeable creatures of habit, we can instead direct our own change by consciously developing new habits. In fact, the more new things we try, the more creative we become.
But don’t bother trying to kill off old habits; once those ruts of procedure are worn into the brain, they’re there to stay. Instead, the new habits we deliberately press into ourselves create parallel pathways that can bypass those old roads.
“The first thing needed for innovation is attraction to wonder,” says Dawna Markova, author of The Open Mind. “But we are taught instead to ‘decide’, just as our president calls himself ‘the Decider’.” She adds, however, that “to decide is to kill off all possibilities but one. A good innovational thinker is always exploring the many other possibilities.”
“All of us work through problems in ways of which we’re unaware,” she says. Researchers in the late 1960s discovered that humans are born with the ability to approach challenges in four primary ways: analytically, procedurally, collaboratively and innovatively. At the end of adolescence, however, the brain shuts down half of that ability, preserving only those ways of thought that have seemed most valuable during the first decade or so of life.
The current emphasis on standardized testing highlights analysis and procedure, meaning that few of us use our innovative and collaborative ways of thought. “This breaks the major rule in the American belief system — that anyone can do anything,” explains M. J. Ryan, author of the 2006 book This Year I Will … and Ms. Markova’s business partner. “That’s a lie that we have preserved, and it fosters commonness. Knowing what you’re good at and doing even more of it creates excellence.” This is where developing new habits comes in.
41. The view of Wordsworth habit is claimed by being_________.         
A. casual       B. familiar      C. mechanical     D. changeable.  
42. The researchers have discovered that the formation of habit can be _________.        A. predicted    B. regulated    C. traced        D. guided  
43. “ ruts”(in line one, paragraph 4) has closest meaning to_________.
   A. tracks       B. series       C. characteristics  D. connections 
44. Dawna Markova would most probably agree that _______.
A. ideas are born of a relaxing mind
B. innovativeness could be taught 
C. decisiveness derives from fantastic ideas
D. curiosity activates creative minds 
45. Ryan’s comments suggest that the practice of standardized testing _____.
A. prevents new habits form being formed
B. no longer emphasizes commonness
C. maintains the inherent American thinking model
D. complies with the American belief system
Questions 46-50 are based on the following passage:
Australia’s foreign language skills are declining, voice of America has reported. New figures show that only 13 percent of high school graduates can speak a foreign language. But four decades ago, 40 percent had foreign language skills.
Professor Elise Tipton, from the University of Sydney, says increasingly students do not feel the need to learn another language to boost their career. She believes that Australia’s economic boom, which is driven by red-hot demand for its minerals, is helping mask serious deficiencies in its language skills.
Australia does business very successfully in English with most of its trading partners. But as the world’s economic power shifts to emerging regions such as Asia, its language gap could soon be exposed. According to the new figures, less than 6.5 percent of high school graduates are proficient in an Asian language. Academics worry that this means Australia will increasingly be isolated from its economically important Asian neighbors. Dilip Dutta, from the economics and business faculty at Sydney University, says language skills can enhance trading opportunities. If Australians want to trade with Asian countries, it is very important for them to learn the language that will help them to get closer to the culture.
But students have different opinions about Asian language learning Pippa McCowage, a 22-year-old Australian student, says many young Australians have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages, and the language curriculum is often weak. “While we’re encouraged in high school to learn another language, it’s not really apparent to me as a realistic expectation that you will have to speak it,” said McCowage. “For example, I learned Japanese in high school, when I went on an exchange in Year 10, I found that the Japanese students of my age had a much greater proficiency in English than I did in Japanese. So in that sense, it almost discourages you.
At present, about 70 percent of Australia’s major exports go to Asia and the Australian government has been keen on developing closer economic and diplomatic ties with Asia. Academics say that, as Asia becomes one of the world’s economic powerhouses, Australia needs to improve its language skills if it is to take full advantage of the business opportunities on its doorstep.
46. How much percent of high school graduates were proficient in foreign languages forty years ago?
A. About 70 percent             B. only 13 percent           
  C. 40 percent                  D. Less than 6.5 percent
47. What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A. Australia has rich deposits of minerals
B. Australia is essentially a self-sufficient country
C. Australia has no intention to trade with Asian countries
D. Australian students are not required to learn a foreign language
48. What does Dilip Dutta think language skills can do?
A. Improve your relation with your partner.
B. Help settle international conflicts.
C. Remove barriers in negotiations.
D. Increase trading opportunities.
49. Why has the Australian government been keenly interested in strengthening ties with Asia?
A. Because Asia is where Australia is located.
B. Because Asia is where Australia’s major exports go.
C. Because Asia is where Australians go and spend their holidays.
D. Because Asia is where Australia can play a big role in international affairs.
50. What does McCowage mean by “… have a half-hearted approach to foreign languages ”(line2-3 para.4)?
A. Students have no idea of how to learn foreign language
B. Students give up learning Asian languages half-way
C. Many Australian students are not interested in learning foreign language
D. High schools fail to provide opportunities for students to speak a foreign language

Part IV.  Writing  (30 points)
51.  Directions: Write an essay of about 400 words in English on the following topic. Write your essay on your ANSWER SHEET.
Food Safety