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中国人民大学
2001 年硕士研究生入学考试试题
招生专业：英语语言文学
考试科目：英汉互译 英文写作
考试时间：1 月 14 日下午
考题编号：440
Part I Directions: Translate the following passages into Chinese (33%)
and write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.
Passage One
The cooperative principle alone cannot fully explain how people talk.
It explains how conversational implicature is given rise to but it does not
tell us why people are often so indirect in conveying what they want to
say. This is where the politeness principle comes in. In the most general
terms, the politeness principle can be formulated as “maximize (other
things being equal) the expression of polite beliefs,” or, in its negative
form, “minimize (other things being equal) the expression of impolite
beliefs.”
There are some situations where politeness can take a back seat. For
example, when the speaker and the hearer are engaged in a collaborative
activity and the exchange of. information is equally important to both of
them, politeness would be given less consideration and the language they
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