一键复制
在日常的学习、工作、生活中，肯定对各类范文都很熟悉吧。范文怎么写才能发挥它最大的作用呢？以下是小编为大家收集的优秀范文，欢迎大家分享阅读。
表示因果关系的词和词组 表示因果关系的成语篇一
the cost of his children’s education is a great drain on his money.他孩子的教育费用造成他极大的负担。t for 说明，解释
how do you account for his change of attitude? 你怎样来解释他态度的变化？ …of 指控...，谴责...i don’t think anyone can accuse him of not being frank.我看谁也不能说他不坦率。 as 担任；充当
we must appoint somebody to act as secretary.我们得指定一个人当秘书。
people who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.有时候，眼睛看得见的人也做出同样的蠢事。(…)to… 使适应
you should adapt yourself to the new environment.你应该适应新环境。
young animals adapt quickly to a new environment.幼小动物很快就适应新的环境。 to 增添
this lesson adds to the value of the book.这一课增加了这本书的价值。 up to 合计达
for a hit show, profits can add up to millions of dollars.一场热门演出的利润可达数百万美元。(…)to（使）适应
my eyes haven’t adjusted to the dark yet.我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。
some animals adjust themselves to their environment by instinct.有些动物会本能地适应环境。 … to/into 准许…进入 / 50
he opened the door and admitted me into the house.他把门打开让我进屋。
this ticket will admit one adult to the show.这张票将允许一个成年人入场。 on 就...取得一致
we couldn’t agree on a date/when to meet.关于日期[什么时候见面],我们未能取得一致意见。 to 同意某人观点、意见
i find it impossible to agree to your terms.我无法接受你的条件。
with„同意...的意见；适合
that shows she did not quite agree with me.这表示她不同意我的意见。
london does not agree with me;i like paris better.伦敦对我不适宜, 我更喜欢巴黎。 of time/schedule 提前
we managed to fulfill the task ahead of time.我们总算提前完成了任务。
a great painter is usually ahead of his time.伟大的画家总是走在时代的前头。 at 瞄准，争取
the factory must aim at increasing production [increased production].工厂必须致力于增加生产。 to 呼吁；吸引
does the idea of working abroad appeal to you? 你对去国外工作感兴趣吗？ she appealed to a higher court.她向上级法院上诉。 for 申请
they apply for permission to use the tennis court.他们申请借用这个网球场。 „ to„把...应用于...in this way they can better apply theory to practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。/ 50
e of 赞成
i don’t approve of your way of looking at things.我不赞成你看事情的方法。 a matter of fact 事实上
as a matter of fact, everything has developed as we wanted.事实上，情况的发展和我们希望的完全一样。 a result 作为结果；因此
as a result, he was given an excellent job.结果他得到了一份好工作。
he was late as a result of the snow.他因下雪而迟到。
a whole 作为整体，就整体来看
we should analyze the problem as a whole.我们应该把问题作为一个整体来分析。
far as 就...而言，远到...，到...程度（表示程度，范围）our campus comes up as far as the river.我们的校园一直延伸到河边。
as far as i know, he will be away for three months.据我所知, 他将离开三个月。
his parents supported him as far as they could.他父母竭尽全力抚养他。 usual 照常
everything went on as usual as though nothing had happened.一切照常进行，好像什么事也没有发生。 a favor of 请...帮个忙
there’s just one last favor i need to ask of you.还有最后一件事要你帮忙。 about 查问，打听
can i ask about your attitude to intelligence test? 请问您对智力测验有什么看法? after 问候
don’t forget to ask after your aunt when you see tom this evening.你今天晚上看见汤姆时，别忘记问候你的姑母。ate a with b 把a和b联系起来 / 50
what do you associate with such a heavy snow? 对这样一场大雪你有什么联想？ „ of 向...保证
i can assure you of my determination to fulfil our task ahead of schedule.我可以向你发誓决心提前完成任务。 a loss 茫然不知所措
the man looked surprised and somewhat at a loss.那人看起来非常吃惊，也有点手足无措。she was at a loss what she should do.她不知该怎么办好。
all costs / at the cost of 不惜一切代价
we are determined to defend our motherland at all costs.我们决心不惜任何代价保卫祖国。
the fox escaped from the trap at the cost of a leg.狐狸虽逃出了陷阱，但却失去了一条腿。 first sight 乍一看
john fell in love with her at first sight.约翰对她一见钟情。 one time 一度
at one time, they used to mine coal in these valleys.从前他们在这些峡谷中采煤。 present 现在，目前
we are deadly short of staff at present.目前我们极缺职员。 the cost of 以...为代价
the young policeman saved the child at the cost of his own life.那位年轻的警察为了拯救这个小孩，而牺牲了自己的生命。 the mercy of 任由...摆布
they were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。the barbecue was at the mercy of the weather.烧烤活动搞不搞完全要视天气状况而定。 the moment 此刻，目前；那时，当时 our chief concern at the moment is the weather./ 50
眼前我们最关心的事是天气。 the risk of 冒着生命危险
they were determined to get there even at the risk of their life.即使要冒生命危险，他们也决心要到那里去。 times 有时 / at all times始终,随时,不论什么时候 we all make fool of ourselves at times.有时，我们全都会干出傻事。be yourself at all times.随时随地都应表现出真实的自己。(„)to 把...依附于
all blame for the accident must attach to myself.事故的一切责任应由本人承担。
attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.把邮票贴在信封上寄出去。 importance to 重视
you should attach importance to what he said.你必须重视他所说的话。 授予某人某物
for his dedication, the mayor awarded him a medal of merit.为表彰他的奉献精神，市长授予他荣誉奖章。
b(82个) „ on „把...放在...的基础上
we must base ourselves on the interests of the people.我们一定要从人民的利益出发。 absent from 缺席
you must not be absent from the meetings without cause.你必须参加那些会议，不得无故缺席。 absorbed in„全神贯注于...she sat on the ground absorbed in her studies.她坐在地上专心学习。
accustomed to doing习惯于做
english people are accustomed to driving on the left.英国人习惯于靠左边开车。/ 50
one grows to like what one is accustomed to.人渐渐会喜欢所习惯的事物。 anxious about 担忧
there is no reason to be anxious about the result.不必为这结果而担心。 aware of 意识到的
be aware of those who fish in troubled waters.当心那些浑水摸鱼的人。
we should at all times be aware of our own shortcomings.我们必须随时注意自己的缺点。 capable of 有能力
i'm perfectly capable of doing it myself, thank you.谢谢，我完全有能力自己做这项工作。you are capable of better work than this.你能做得更好。
composed of„由...组成
the board shall be composed of eight directors.董事会由八名董事组成。 concerned about 关心
he is more concerned about others than about himself.他关心别人比关心自己还重。 confident of 对...有信心
i have every reason to be confident of our victory.我有充分的理由坚信胜利是属于我们的。
considerate of do sth.某人做某事考虑得周到 you may be more considerate of other people.你该多为别人想想 contrary to 与...相反
the result is contrary to expectation.结果跟预料的恰好相反。 curious about 对...好奇
i’m most curious about how they achieved their success.我很想知道他们是如何获得成功的 determined to do 决定做某事 / 50
let us be determined to be free of problems that do not exist.让我们下定决心，由那些根本就不存在的问题中脱身。 down with 由于...病倒了 she is down with a fever today.她今天发烧了。
engaged in 忙于做某事
his love to language causes him to be engaged in translation.他对语言的热爱促使他从事翻译工作 equal to 与...相等
will she be equal to such a task? 她能胜任这样一项工作吗 exposed to 曝光于，接触
poor john was exposed to the wind and rain.可怜的约翰处于风雨交加之中 faced with sth.面对...sometimes people are faced with unfortunate circumstances that can not be changed.有时候，人们会面临无法改变的不幸 familiar with 对...熟悉
since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us.您对此领域很熟悉，您的见解定会给我们带来很大兴趣
fed up with 对...厌烦
i am simply fed up with this kind of weather.我简直对这种天气烦透了 fit for 适合...i ought to be fit for work at the end of the month.到月底时，我应该可以工作了 free from 没有...的
she had the good fortune to be free from illness all her life.她真幸运，一生没有病痛
grateful to sth.因某事感激某人 i shall be grateful to you all my life.我将一辈子感激你
ignorant of 对某事一无所知 / 50
they appear to be ignorant of what is going on here.他们对这里发生的事似乎一点也不知道 in favor of 支持（赞成）...you would be in favor of our proposal, wouldn’t you? 你赞成我们的提议, 是吗 independent of 独立于
he is now independent of his parents.他现在不依靠他父母了。
india became independent of britain in 1947.印度于1947年脱离英国获得独立。 infected with 受感染
the man has been infected with cholera.这人已染上了霍乱。they are all infected with his high spirits.他们都被他高昂的情绪所鼓舞。 inferior to 较低于，与...相比不如
i consider this one to be inferior to that one.我认为这个比那个要差 involved in 卷入，参与
you will be well advised not to get involved in their quarrel.您最好不要卷入他们的争吵 located(in)坐落（在）
shenzhen is located in south china bordering on hongkong.深圳位于华南，比邻香港。 lost in thought 陷入沉思
my sister sat silent for some time, lost in thought.我姐姐沉默地坐了一会儿，陷入沉思 of good / poor quality 质量好/差
coffee from brazil is usually of good quality.巴西的咖啡通常质量很好。 on a diet 节食
she is on a diet and is losing weight.她节制饮食，体重一直在下降。 opposed to doing 强烈反对做某事
she seems very much opposed to your going abroad./ 50
她好像很反对你出国。 particular about 对...挑剔
you shouldn’t be so particular about what you wear.你不该对穿着这么讲究。
popular with / among 受某人欢迎
fifty years ago nobody could expect that computers would be popular with the families inchina.五十年前没人能预料到上海的家庭会普及电脑。
we are sure the toys will be popular among children and good for their intelligence.我方相信，这些玩具会受到儿童的喜爱并对其智力开发大有益处。
present at 出席，在场
it happened that he had to be present at an opening ceremony..恰好这天他须去参加一个开幕典礼。 qualified for 可胜任...in my estimation, the applicant should be well qualified for this job.据我估计，这位应聘者完全具备这项工作的条件。 related to 与...相关
a relative means a person to whom one is related.亲戚的意思就是有血缘关系的人。 resistant to„对...有抵抗能力
some species are highly resistant to living in new areas and are expected to die out.有些物种对生活在新的地方极不适应，估计它们将逐渐灭绝。
responsible for 对...负责任
parents are supposed to be responsible to their children for their education.父母应当对其子女的教育负有责任。 satisfied with 对...感到满意
my impression is that they are satisfied with you performance.我的印象是，他们对你的表现很满意。 second to none 第一，不次于任何人
in mathematics, he is second to none in the class.就数学来说，他是班里第一。 short of 缺乏 / 50
the trouble is that we are short of hand.困难是我们缺少人手。 similar to 与...相似
his dress is very similar to mine in colour.他衣服的颜色和我衣服的很相似。 strict with 对...严格
is it necessary for you to be so strict with his children? 你有必要那样严格地对待他的孩子们吗？ suitable for 适合...there is no single plastic material which is suitable for all applications.没有哪一种塑料材料是万能的。 superior to 优于...you must give up the idea that you are superior to them in every respect 你必须放弃认为自己在各方面都优于他们的想法。 sure of 坚信；确信
it is said she is quite sure of success.据说她很有成功的把握。 worried about 为...担心
there’s really no reason to be worried about what will happen tomorrow.确实没有理由为明天的事情担心。 / get used to习惯于...it takes time to get used to new shoes.穿惯新鞋需要时间。
„ in mind 把...牢记在心
the students were asked to bear in mind what teachers told in class.要求学生记住老师在课堂上所讲的内容。 with 由...开始
we think it necessary to begin with the experiment.我们认为先做这个实验是必要的。 oneself 行为检点、守规矩
you should educate your children to behave themselves.你应该教育你的孩子们守规矩。e in 信仰；对...有信心
i believe in your ability to solve the problem./ 50
我相信你有解决这问题的能力。e it or not 信不信由你
believe it or not, it was a hug that changed my mind.信不信由你，是一个拥抱改变了我的心情。t from 得益于
who will benefit from the old man’s death? 那位老人死后，谁将是受益人？
/ within one’s power 力所不及/ 力所能及 it is beyond my power to arrange the meeting.安排这样的会议超出了我的能力。 description 难以描述
the very sight of the super star pleased us beyond description.单是看到那个超级巨星，我们就高兴得无法形容。„ for 因...责备某人
the driver is partially to blame for the accident.司机对那次车祸应负部分责任。 away from 脱离，逃跑
you must break away from such bad habits.你必须革除这样的坏习惯。 down 抛锚；倒塌；中止
our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.我们的车坏了, 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。 out 爆发
the forecast that war would break out proved true.战争会爆发的预测被证实了。 the law 违法
we can not just sit by while these people break the law.我们不能坐视这些人违犯法律。 through 突破；突围
it was difficult at first to break through her quiet manner.起初她很难克服那内向的性格。„ to an end 结束
only those who know the underlying truth can bring this to an end.只有那些知道背后真相的人可以结束这一切./ 50
„ to life 使...苏醒
it is said that the doctor is able to bring the dying back to life.据说这位医生能起死回生。 about 引起
science has brought about many changes in our lives.科学为我们生活带来了很多变化。 up 抚养
he gave much attention and thought to bring up his children.他在教育孩子方面花了大量的心血。 up 建立，树立
the goalkeeper is organizing to build up a wall.守门员正在组织筑人墙。 into 撞上；碰见
when you walk in a crowded street you must look about you lest you bump into someone.在拥挤的街道上行走时，必须四周看看，免得撞了别人。
into 突然发作；突然...起来
they were so moved that they burst into tears.他们感动得哭了起来。 accident 意外地；偶然
we met by accident at the railway station.我们在火车站偶然相遇。 all means 一定
the prices are variable, shop around by all means.价格高低不一，所以一定要货比三家逐店选购。 comparison 比较起来，相比之下
by comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts.相比较而言，海上旅行可提供各种文明的舒适条件。 means of 用，依靠
we express our thoughts by means of words.我们用话语来表达思想。 mistake 弄错
he restored the umbrella he had taken by mistake.他把拿错了的雨伞放回原处。/ 50
no means 决不
by no means can theory be separated from practice.理论决不能脱离实践。 the dozen 以打计
we buy tea by the pound, cloth by the yard and eggs by the dozen.我们买茶叶是以磅计，买布以码计，买蛋以打计。 this means 用这种方法
only by this means can you make greater progress in your work.只有这样你才能在工作中取得更大的进步。 / in contrast 对比之下
his white hair was in sharp contrast to his dank skin.他的白发同他的黑皮肤形成鲜明的对比。
c(47个) at 访问某地
she asked him to call at brown’s hotel to see her daughter.她让他到布朗饭店去看望她的女儿。 for 要求；需要
more work doesn’t necessarily call for more men.增加工作不一定要增加人员。 in 顺路到（某处）；请某人来帮忙
they call for more government investments in new industries.他们呼吁政府给新兴工业更多的投资。 off 取消
what is the alternative to call the trip off? 如果取消这次旅游，那我们还有什么地方可去？ on 拜访某人；号召
we can call on our former teacher tomorrow.我们明天可以去拜访过去的老师。 out 大声叫唤；唤起
trouble can call out a person’s best qualities.逆境可以激发出一个人的优秀品质。 about 关心、介意
they don’t care about the expenses./ 50
他们对费用不在乎。 on 继续；进行
we must try to carry on as if nothing had happened.我们必须继续下去, 只当作什么都没有发生过。 out 执行；实施
we expect him to carry out his promises.我们期待他履行诺言。 one’s eye 引起注意
let’s find a table first and then try to catch a waiter’s eye.我们先找张桌子坐下，再叫个服务员过来。 up with 赶上
excessive drinking and smoking will catch up with you.过度喝酒和抽烟迟早会使你受害不浅。/ lose sight of 看见/看不见
don’t let me catch sight of you doing it again!别让我再看到你干这种事了！
in the heat of the argument we mustn’t lose sight of our main purpose.在辩论得激烈的时候，我们不应忘掉我们的主要目的。 for the better/worse 好转/恶化
they believe that things can change for the better and finds ways of making it happen.他们要坚信一切会向好的方面转化，并找出使之成为现实的方案。„with 控告
the police are going to charge him with murder.警察要控告他杀人。
up 使高兴；高兴起来
try to cheer are not so bad as they seem.想办法高兴点儿, 情况并不像看上去那样糟。 up 打扫干净
this room needs cleaning up.这间房间需要打扫一下。 up 澄清；（天气）变晴
the sky is overcast now, but i think it will clear up soon.现在天色阴沉, 不过我想马上就会转晴的。/ 50
they hope to clear the matter up quickly.他们希望很快就能把事情弄个水落石出。e„ with„把...和...结合起来
it is important that we combine theory with practice.对我们来说，把实践和理论结合起来是重要的。 across 不期而遇
he is the most direct young man i`ve ever come across.他是我碰到过的最直率的青年。 down with 患病
i am afraid i am come down with a cold.我恐怕是着了凉了。
into existence/being 产生、成立
when did the roman empire come into being? 罗马帝国是什么时候形成的? out 出来；开花；结果是
have you get the issue that come out recently? 你有最近出的那一期杂志吗？
let me know how the voting comes out.告诉我投票结果如何。
to(oneself)达到；共计；恢复知觉，苏醒 after much talk they came to an agreement.经过多次商谈, 他们达成了协议。ask the waiter what our bill comes to.问问侍者我们一共应付多少钱。
i was already on my way when it suddenly came to me that i hadn’t hung out my washing.我上路以后才想起我没有把洗完的衣服晾起来。
to/ into power 上台，执掌
the present government came into power two years ago.现政府是两年前上台的。
to/ arrive at a conclusion 得出结论
i sincerely hope that our negotiation will come to a successful conclusion.我衷心希望这次谈判能圆满成功。/ 50
up with 提出
is this the very best you can come up with? 这就是你能提供的最好的办法吗？ up 走近；长出来
while we were talking, a man came up.我们正在谈话时, 一个人走了过来。t on 评论
the teacher refused to comment on the examination results.教师不肯评论考试结果。 a crime 犯罪
if you commit a crime you can never escape being punished.你要是犯罪，就逃脱不了要受惩罚。 knowledge 常识
it’s common knowledge that women talk more than men.众所周知，女人总比男人说话多。e a to b 把a比喻成b shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
e a with b 把a和b比较
few writers can compare with him in that respect.在这方面很少作家能和他相比。e with 与...相竞争
no student in our class can compete in english with mary.在英语方面，我们班上没有人能与玛丽竞争。trate on 集中精力在...we must concentrate our efforts on finding ways to reduce costs.我们要集中精力找出降低成本的办法。t a survey 做一个调查
if we want a final conclusion, we must conduct specialized survey research.如果要下定论, 必须进行专门的调查研究。e a with b 把a和b混淆
i always confuse john with his brother, for they are very much alike.我总是分不清约翰和他的哥哥，他们长得太像了。tulate sth.因某事祝贺某人 / 50
you can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。er„(as/ to be)把...看作
i consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。t of 由...组成
water is said to consist of oxygen and hydrogen.据说水由氢气和氧合成。bute to 有助于
various factors contributed to his success.多种因素导致了他的成功。
ce sth.使某人相信某事
we must convince the students of the need for wider reading.我们必须让学生们认识到广泛的阅读的必要性。ate with sb.和某人合作
if you can cooperate with each other, everything should run smoothly.如果你们能互相配合，一切都会顺利的。 with 对付，应付，处理
how do you cope with the problem of poor vision？ 怎样解决视力不好这一难题呢？ on 依靠，指望
that was the only thing they could count on.那是他们唯一依靠的东西。
a long distance 走了很长一段路
we estimate(that)it will take three days to cover the distance.我们估计走完这段路程要花三天时间。 down on 减少
what they are supposed to do is to cut down on government spending.他们该做的是削减政府开支。 off 切断；断绝
his dishonesty cut him off from all of us.他为人的不诚实使我们大家都不愿与之为伍。
d(14个)/ 50
back to 追溯到
there are few people who would believe that these books date back to 15th century.很少有人相信这种书的历史竟可以追溯到15世纪。 oneself to doing sth.献身于做某事
after she graduated，she continued to devote herself to research.毕业后她继续致力于研究工作。 down 逐渐平息
the gossip will soon die down now that the woman is dead.既然这名妇女已经死了,这些闲言碎语也将很快消失。 out 灭绝
those species inadaptable to changing conditions may die out.那些不能适应变化中的环境的物种可能会灭绝。 from 与...不同
the brothers differ from each other in their interests.这几个兄弟各有所好。
guish„ from„把...区别于
it is hard for young children to distinguish right from wrong.对于小孩来说，分辨是非是困难的。„ into„把...分成
first he divided it in two, and then divided each into four.他首先把它分成两份, 然后又把每份分成四份。 harm/ good to 对...有害处/好处 lies also do harm to those who tell them.谎话对说谎者本身也有损害。
nothing but do 除了...什么也不做
you can do nothing but let matters take their course.你无能为力，只能顺其自然。
/ form/ reach/ make a conclusion 得出结论 what conclusion can we draw from their leave? 他们的离去能使我们得出什么结论呢？
/ attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 she gave a quiet cough to attract my attention.她轻轻地咳了一声好引起我注意。 把某人逼疯 / 50
it is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow that drive men mad!真正令人发疯的是对昨日的悔恨及对明日的恐惧! in on/ at 顺便拜访
be sure to drop in on me when you can spare a moment.等你抽得出空时一定别忘了顺便来看看我。 to 由于；因为
her absence is due to illness.她因病缺席。e(7个) up with 以...告终
we had a banquet, which ended(up)with soup.我们举行了一个宴会，最后一道是喝汤。 for/ sign up for 报名参加
are you going to enter yourself for the contest? 你打算报名参加比赛吗？
ain sth.用...来招待某人
he entertain us for hour with his story and joke.他给我们讲故事、说笑话，让我们高兴了好几小时。 sth.用...来装备某人
education must equip students with the skills and the information needed to make sense of reality.教育须用必需的技巧和信息装备学生，使之懂得真理。 from 从...逃离
young people often desire to escape from their parents.年轻人常常想要摆脱他们的父母。 since 从那时起直至今日
we’ve been friends ever since we left school.我们从学校毕业后一直是朋友。ge a for b 用a交换b where can i exchange my dollars for pounds? 我可以在哪里把美金换成英镑？
f(20个) up to 勇敢面对 / 50
there are dangers which you must face up to.有危险，你必须勇敢地面对。 in love with„爱上某人
women don’t fall in love as easily as men do.女士不像男士那样快地坠入情网。 off 跌落
did she fall off the cliff by accident, or was she pushed off? 她是意外地掉下悬崖(cliff)，还是被推下去的呢？ on 落在某一天；责任落在某人身上 your bill will fall due on the fifteenth.你的支票将在15日到期。 from enough 远远不够
we have made some progress, but it is far from enough.我们已经取得了一些进步，但还远远不够。 against 与...斗争
he tried to fight against being transferred to another department.他试图反对被调往另一部门。 out 算出，推测出
no one can figure out how the fire started.没有人弄得清这场火灾是怎么引发的。„ with 用...充满
the sight of him filled her with happiness.一见到他, 她心里就充满了幸福。 an excuse 找借口
tom can not find a good excuse for being late.汤姆找不到充分的理由说明迟到的原因。 fault with 挑...毛病
i can’t find fault with the new restaurant: the food is good and the service is excellent.我无法对那家新餐馆吹毛求疵：食品很好，服务也是一流的。 in with 适合
his examples fitted in well with his argument.他举的例子很说明他的论点。
(one’s attention)on 集中注意 / 50
a near-sighted person cannot focus accurately on distant objects.一个近视的人不能够准确地调整焦距以看到远处物体。 one’s example 学某人的样子
we must all follow his example and serve the people heart and soul.我们都应学习他的榜样，全心全意为人民服务。 for thought 应思考的问题
there is much food for thought in the film.这部电影里有很多值得思考的东西。 free 免费地；无偿地 i got the sample for free.我免费得到这样品。
the sake of 为了...利益
she sacrificed her life for the sake of freedom.她为争取自由而献出了自己的生命。e 因...而原谅某人
i hope you forgive me for opening your letter by mistake.我误拆了您的信，期望您原谅。 the habit of 养成某种习惯
you had better encourage your children to form the habit of reading at an early age 你最好鼓励孩子在小时候形成读书的习惯。 of charge 免费
how much hand luggage may i carry free of charge? 我可以免费携带多少手提行李？
the bottom of one’s heart 从心底里，发自内心地
the mother thanks the man from the bottom of her heart for saving her son’s life.这位母亲衷心感谢那位救了她儿子性命的人。
g(20个) across 横过；穿过
the bridge was destroyed, so they wouldn’t get across.桥被毁坏了，所以他们无法过河。 down to 开始认真对待
you must get down to your studies this year.你今年要好好学习。/ 50
in the way 挡道，妨碍
her social life has gotten in the way of her study.她的社交生活妨碍了学业。 lost 迷路
i gave you a map so you wouldn’t get lost.我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。 over 克服；从...恢复过来
we will find ways to get over the difficulties.我们会找到克服困难的办法。 through with 完成
i’ll telephone you when i get through with this pile of papers.我处理完这一大堆文件后就打电话给你。 „ a lift 给...搭便车
give me a lift to the station, will you? 让我搭你的车去火车站，好吗？ away 泄露；出卖；赠送
don’t give away to the public when we will start.不要向公众泄露我们出发的日期。 in 投降；让步；上交
the defenders were outnumbered and had to give in.抵抗者寡不敌众, 只能投降。 off 发出（气体）
these planets do not give off light of their own.这些行星本身不发光。 out 分发
give out the examination papers to the candidates, please.请把考卷发给应试者。 rise to 引起
these bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crime.这些恶劣的环境已造成了许多犯罪行为。 way to 让位于，对...让步
i will persuade each to give way a little so that things can be settled.我会说服双方各自让步一点，好把事情解决。 at 瞥一眼，匆匆一看 / 50
he glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncle’s handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。 after 追求
he had left his wallet on the table, so i went after him.他把钱包忘在桌子上了, 所以我追去找他。 in for 从事于，报名参加
what events is he going in for at the olympics? 他将在奥运上参加什么项目? round 足够分配；（疾病）流传，传播
there are not enough desks to go round in the classroom.教室里书桌不够用。
there are a lot of colds going round.感冒正在散播。 through 检查；经历
when he was a child, he went through one hardship after another.孩提时代, 他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。 with 伴随；与...协调
what vegetables do you recommend to go with? 你看该配什么蔬菜一起吃呢？ te from 从...毕业
it is often said that american universities are difficult to enter, but easy to graduate from.经常听说美国的大学难于进入，但容易毕业。
h(21个) out 分发
will you help me to hand out the materials for the lecture? 你可以帮我分发演讲材料吗? on 抓紧不放，不挂电话 hang on a minute while i look it up.你稍等一下，等我查查看。
a gift / talent / genius for 有...的天赋
do you think you have the gift of making up stories? 你看你有编造故事的本领吗？
a good/ poor opinion of 对...评价高/低
almost all have a good opinion of the speech given by mr green./ 50
几乎所有的人对格林先生的发言都给予了很高的评价。 a good command of 精通
only in this way can we have a good command of english.只有这样我们才能精通英语。 a look at 看一看；请看
could i have a look at the instructions myself? 我可以自己看看说明书吗？ a passion for 酷爱
some people have a passion for eating chocolate.有些人十分喜好吃巧克力。 a word with sb.和...说话
he came back to have a word with me.他回来跟我说几句话。
access to 可以进入/使用
students must have/gain/ get access to a good library.学生必须有机会利用好的图书馆。 an effect on 对...有影响、效果
fathers have an enormous effect on their children’s personalities.父亲对孩子们的个性有巨大的影响。 faith / confidence in 对...有信心
he has lost faith in his ability since he failed in the exam.自从考试不及格，他就对自己的能力丧失了信心。 influence on 对...有影响
news media have a great influence on people’s mind.新闻媒介对人的思想有很大的影响。 no choice but to do 别无选择
we shall have no choice but to complain, to the manager about it.我们只好向经理投诉这件事。/ show respect for 尊敬某人
you must have respect for the feelings of others.你必须顾虑别人的感情。 trouble with...有困难
why don’t you have so much trouble with her? 为什么你和她之间就没有这么多麻烦呢？ / 50
for 驶向，走向
we saw him heading for us, so we stepped aside.我们看见他向我们走来, 就让到一边。 a firm belief in 对某事怀着坚定信念
it is on these achievements that we hold a firm belief in the possibility of further progress.就是这些成绩让我们坚信将来能够发展。 back 阻止，忍住
no one can hold back the wheel of history.没有人能够阻挡历史的车轮。 on 抓牢；坚持
if he can just hold on a little longer, we can get help to him.如果他能再坚持一会儿, 我们就能使他得到帮助了。 out 伸出（手等）
they held out the hand of friendship to me.他们向我伸出了友谊之手。 up 举起；阻挡，使停顿
we had planned to finish the work before dark, but the heavy rain held us up.我们原计划在天黑以前干完这项工作, 可给大雨耽搁了。hold up your hands if you have any question.如有问题请举手。
i(39个)(the)presence / face of 当着...的面 he is always cool in the face of danger.他在危险面前总是镇静自若。 a loud voice 大声
he is so mild that i have never heard him speak in a loud voice.他总是很温和，以至于我从来没听过他大声说话。 a way 在某种程度上
in a way, i’m glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.在某种程度上说, 你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴, 因为它可以对你敲警钟。 a word 总之
in a word, i can’t go out as i have many things to do./ 50
总而言之, 我不能出去, 因为我有许多事情要做。 addition to 除...之外（还）
emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet.约翰医生强调不仅要改变饮食还要锻炼身体。 advance 提前
is it necessary to book the tickets in advance? 有必要提前订票吗？ all 总共
there are fifteen books on the first shelf, twenty-one on the second, making thirty-six in all.书架的第一层有15本书, 第二层有21本, 总共是36本。 any case 无论如何
all these rules must be observed in any case.无论如何，所有的条例都必须遵守。 brief 简而言之
to begin with, i’d like to tell in brief the importance of the work.首先, 我想简要谈谈这项工作的重要性。 case of 万一
please let us know in case of further requirement.如有进一步的需求，请通知我们。 common with 和...有共同之处 i have a lot in common with my sister.我和我姐姐有很多相同之处。 danger of 处于...的危险中
this river is in danger of being fished out.这条河里的鱼有被捕光的危险。 detail 详细地
how it is done should be explained in detail.这件事如何做应该详细地解释一下。 good condition 状况良好
i promise to return your bicycle in good condition.我答应把你的自行车完好无损地归还你。 honor of 向...表示敬意；为纪念...a banquet will be given in honor of the visiting president./ 50
将为来访的总统举行一个宴会。 line 协调，有秩序；成一直线
what are those people standing in line for? 那些人排队干什么？
low/ high spirits 情绪低落/兴高采烈
mary has been in low spirits ever since her mother died.玛丽自从母亲去世后情绪一直很低落。 memory of 纪念
he founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他创办了那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。 no case 绝不
in no case should the temperature of the store room be over20℃.储藏室的温度决不可高于20℃。 no time 立刻
the boy figured out the problem in no time.男孩很快解决了那道算题。 no way 绝不
she is in no way to blame.根本不应该怪她。
order 按顺序；整齐；状况良好 the names are arranged in order.姓名按顺序排列。
other words 换句话说
in other words, we are much luckier than chinese living in the united states.相比之下，我们要比在美国的华人幸运得多。 particular 尤其，特别
why did you choose that day in particular? 你为何特别选了那一天？ poor health 身体不好
that old woman has long been in poor health.那位老太太长期以来身体不好。 private 私下里
he can be very rude in private, though in public he is usually polite.他在大庭广众中通常很有礼貌, 但私下里很粗鲁。/ 50
public 当众；公开地
she is shy of speaking in public.她怯于在公众面前讲话。 reality 实际上，事实上
is a professor in name but not in reality.格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。 search of 对...的搜寻
he glanced about as if he was in search of something.他扫视了四周, short 简言之，总之
in short, we must be prepared.总而言之, 我们要有准备。 spite of 不顾，不管
he was behaving normally in spite of his anxiety.尽管他心中焦急，但仍然举止如常。 terms of 在...方面
in terms of money we’re quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.就钱来说我们很富有，但论及幸福就不然了。 the course of 在...的过程中
the new railway is in the course of construction.新的铁路正在建设中。 the form of 以...的形式
water vapor is water in the form of a gas.水蒸气是气态的水。
the meantime 同时，在这期间
in the meantime, an economic crisis take place in that country.在这期间那个国家发生了经济危机。 use 使用着
plastic is in widespread use.塑料已被广泛地使用。
„ of„通知某人某事
we regret to inform you of the cancellation of the tour.我们遗憾地通知您，此次旅行取消了。 on 坚持 / 50
they insist on our staying there a bit longer.他们坚持要我们再呆一会儿。 to do sth.打算做某事
what do you intend to do when you leave college? 你毕业后打算做什么？
j(1个) from 从...判断
don’t judge from appearances.人不可貌相。k(17个)„at a distance 与...保持距离
i was wondering why you seemed to want to keep everybody at a distance.我那时不懂你为什么对别人都很冷淡。„doing 让某人一直做 news of success keeps pouring in.捷报频传。
„in mind 牢牢记住
that’s something we have always to keep in mind.那是我们应该经常记在心里的。 an eye on 照看
can you keep an eye on my suitcase for a moment.你能给我照管一会儿手提箱吗。 in contact with 与...保持联系
have you been in contact with your sister recently?近来你和你姐姐有没有联系？ off 让开；不接近
the doctor advised jack to keep off fattening foods.医生劝告杰克不吃致肥食物。 on 继续，保持
if we keep on our way for another hour, we should reach the village.如果再继续向前走一小时, 我们就到那个村子了。 one’s promise 信守诺言
please feel assured that we will keep our promise.请放心我们一定遵守诺言。/ 50
pace with 跟上...的步伐，与...齐头并进
it’s important for a firm to keep pace with changes in the market.对一个公司来说，能跟上市场的发展是很重要的。 y 陪伴某人
if they insist on fighting, we will keep them company.如果他们一定要打，我们就奉陪。 to 遵守（计划、时刻表等）；信守（诺言等）the tourists insist on keeping to their plan.旅行者坚持按旅行计划行事。
up with 跟上（人、潮流、形势等）we must keep up with the times.我们必须跟上时代。/ pass time 消磨时间
where shall i go to kill some time? 到哪里消磨时间好呢？ down 撞到；击倒
he knocked his opponent down with one blow in the competition.比赛中他一拳就打倒了他的对手。 but not least 最后但一样重要的是
last but not least, more exercises help us keep healthy and fit.最后, 多做运动能够使我们保持健康。 on 后来
learn by heart my words, or you will regret this later on.记住我的话，否则以后你会后悔的。 a foundation for 为...奠定基础
if the reform is successful, it will lay a solid foundation for sustained development over thenext few decades.如果改革成功，会为今后几十年的持续稳定发展奠定坚实的基础。
l(22个)/ place/ put emphasis/ importance on 强调，重视
his report has laid great emphasis on the development of education.他的报告着重强调了教育的发展。 to 导致；通向 / 50
in given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.在一定条件下, 一件坏事可以导致好的结果。„ by heart 熟记，背
he managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.他已设法把这封信的内容背了下来。/ draw a lesson from 从...中吸取教训
the first great lesson that a young man shall learn is that he knows nothing.年轻人应该上的第一课是，他懂得自己什么也不知道。„alone 更不用说
she wants to think things out quietly, so we had better leave her alone.她要安静地考虑一下, 最好别打扰她。 alone 更不用说
the baby can not even walk, let alone run.这个小孩连走路都不会，更不用说跑了。 out 放出；发出
please let the water out of the bathtub.请把浴缸里的水放掉。 in 在于
your problem lies in lacking efficient methods.你的问题在于缺少有效的方法。 up to 实现，不辜负
did the tv play live up to your expectations? 这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗? standards 生活水平
critics say his reforms have caused the fall in living standards.批评家说他的改革措施导致了生活水准下降。 for 渴望
i long for a trip to the cape of good hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。 around 环视；向四周看
you’d better look around carefully before making the final decision.在作最后结论之前,你应该仔细考虑。 back 回顾
as i look back, scenes of the past leap before my eyes.31 / 50
追忆往事, 历历在目。 down on/ upon 轻视
we should not look down on manual labor.我们不应该轻视体力劳动。 into 调查，观察
the government will look into how to reduce unemployment.政府将研究如何降低失业率。 on 旁观
in no case will they look on passively.他们决不会在一边看热闹。
through 浏览；核查；看穿，识破
you may look through the notes and other study materials.大家看一下笔记和相关资料。 to 依赖，指望
children usually look to their parents for guidance and reassurance.儿童通常依靠他们的父母来获得指导和宽慰。 up to 尊敬
they all look up to him as their leader.他们都尊他为他们的领袖。 heart 失去信心
he failed many times, but he did not lose heart.他失败了许多次,但他并没有失去信心。 in 主修
what subject did you major in university? 你在大学主修的科目是什么? / commit a mistake 犯错
young as he is, he naturally committed such a mistake.他年纪还轻嘛, 难怪犯了这样的错误。
m(25个)/ earn a living 谋生
she heard that it was easier to make a living in the big cities.她听说大城市谋生容易些。 a decision 做决定
/ 50
it’s not right to make a decision without investigation and study.没有调查研究就作出决定是不妥的。 a fortune 发财
we must make a fortune by means of industry.我们必须勤劳致富。 a list 列一张清单
before i go shopping, i make a list of the things i must buy.在上街买东西之前, 我把必须买的东西列出一个单子。 a profit 赚取利润
newspapers make a profit from the advertisements they carry.报纸由其所刊登的广告获取利益。 a promise 许诺
if you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。 an effort 努力
you should make an effort to learn something new everyday.我们必须努力去每天学一点新东西。
an offer(卖方)出价,提议,求婚
freddie has made an offer to teach us english.弗雷迪已答应教我们英语。 arrangements for 为...安排
can you make arrangements for a dinner party? 您能为我安排一次宴会吗? comments on 发表评论
you’re welcome to make any comments on our products.迎接您对我们地产品提出贵重地意见。 complaints about 抱怨
i have some complaints to make about the canteen service on the campus.对于校园内食堂服务问题我有意见要提。 contact with 与...取得联系
if there is an emergency make immediate contact with head office.如果有紧急情况,立刻联系总部。 contributions to 对...作贡献
it is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.33 / 50
为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。 out 辨认出
through the mist i could just make out a vague figure.透过雾霭,我只能看见一个模糊的人影。 sense 讲得通，有意义
does it make sense to let children play with matches? 让小孩玩火柴有意义吗? sure 确保，查明
make sure the current is switched off before you leave on holiday.你出去度假前一定要把电源关上。 trouble 惹麻烦
you are thoughtless in speech and always make trouble.你就是太口快了!总是容易惹事! up 组成；编造；补偿
how many countries make up the common market?(欧洲)共同市场由多少国家组成? he loves to make up lies to fool me with.他爱编造谎言糊弄我。 up for 补偿，弥补
hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.努力工作经常可以弥补能力的不足。 use of 使用；利用
we also train them to make use of reference books.我们还培养他们使用参考书。
/ leave an impression on 留下印象
she’s always trying to make an impression on people with her new clothes.她总是试图用穿新衣给人留下印象。
one’s need/ demand/ expectation 满足某人的需要/期望 quality is defined as to meet customer expectation.质量的定义为是否满足客户期望来体现。 the requirement of 满足要求
the products can meet the requirement of customer for various specifications.其产品绝对能满足顾客的各种规格要求。 up 弄乱，弄糟
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he didn’t want to mess up the situation.他不想把事情弄糟。
e a for b 把a误认为b there are lots of people who mistake their imagination for their memory.有许多人将他们的想象当做记忆。
n(1个)ate with sb.与某人谈判协商
i’ll negotiate with their coach on the date of the match.我将与他们的教练磋商比赛的日期问题。
o(25个) to 反对
i don’t object to the children going with us.我不反对孩子们和我们一道去。 do 迫使某人
circumstances oblige me to do that.情况使我不得不那样做。
e the regulations/ rules 遵守规则 we must observe the rules and regulations.我们必须遵守各项规章制度。 to 想到
it didn’t occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。 board 在船上
the captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on board.在船上还有其他人的时候,船长不肯离开正在下沉的船。 campus 在校园内
there is a widespread dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus.学生们普遍对学校的饭菜不太满意。 condition that 只要
he can use the bicycle on condition(that)he returns it tomorrow.自行车可以借给他,条件是明天必须归还。 display 在展览
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many exhibits with characteristics of the chinese art are on display.许多具有中国艺术特色的展品陈列出来。 fire 着火
she is a person who would set the world on fire.她是那种会做出惊人之举引起轰动的人。 one’s own 单独
success in study mainly depends on one’s own efforts.学习主要靠自己努力。
one’s side 站在某人一边，支持某人 they are on my side in this issue.在这个问题上,他们跟我们的立场一致。 purpose 故意地
you might cut yourself by accident, you would not cut yourself on purpose.你可能意外地割伤自己, 你不会故意割伤自己。 sale 出售；廉价出售
i think these earrings are on sale this week.这种耳环这周特价出售。
tickets are on sale from the booking office.售票处正在售票。 schedule 准时
i have accomplished the task on schedule.我按时完成了任务。 the contrary 正相反
you think you are clever;on the contrary, i assure that you are very foolish.你自以为很聪明, 相反地, 我确信你很傻。 the occasion of 在做某事的场合/情况
on the occasion of arrival of new year, please accept my sincere greeting.在新年到来之际, 请接受我最良好的祝愿。 the way to 在去...路上
i met an old friend on the way to work this morning.今天早上我在上班的路上碰到了一位老朋友。 the whole 就总体而言
my opinion is on the whole the same as in a while 偶尔
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he went to see them once in a while.他偶尔去探望他们。e on 做手术
the doctors decided to operate(on her)immediately.医生决定马上(给她)动手术。 than 除了
you can’t get there other than by boat.除了坐船,你无法去那里。 of breath 喘不过气来
he ran so fast that he was out of breath.他跑得太快,气都喘不过来了。 of order/ control 失灵/失控
the telephone was out of order, but is functional now.电话刚才坏了, 但现在可以用了。 of/ within range 在射程外/内 the ship came within range of vision.已经看得见那条船了。 to 由于
owing to the bad weather, we didn’t go to the park.由于天气不好, 我们没有去公园。
p(27个)ipate in 参与
they invited the world to participate in at international exposition.他们邀请世界各国参加国际博览会。 away 穿过，经历
i recently had a cousin pass away from cancer.我的一个堂姐最近因癌症去世了。 by 路过
i pass by the post office every day on my way to school.我每天上学都经过邮局。 on/ down 传递；传授
everyone was struck by their readiness to pass on all they knew.他们很愿意把自己的知识传给别人,这给每个人都留下深刻印象。
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through 穿过，经历
an estimated 1600 vessels pass through the strait annually.估计每年有1，600艘船通过该海峡。 a visit to 访问，经历
did you pay a visit to the leaning tower in pisa while you were in italy? 你在意大利期间参观了比萨斜塔吗? attention to 注意
everyone should pay attention to preserving his own eyesight.每人都应注意保护视力。 back 偿还，回报
i am sure that he will pay back every cent he owes you.我敢肯定他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。 off 还清（借款）
you must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.你必须还清旧账, 然后才能再借款。ere in 坚持不懈
hard as the condition be, he persevere in his study.虽然条件艰苦，但他仍坚持学习。t in 坚持/ 执意做某事
why do you persist in thinking me so narrow-minded? 为什么你总是认为我的心胸是这样狭窄呢？ up 学会
where did you pick up your excellent english? 你是在哪里学会这样一口流利的英语的？ will you pick me up at my place? 你能到我的住处来接我吗? an order for 订购某物
can i have a 10% discount if i place an order for 5000 bicycles? 如果我订购5000辆自行车，我能得到百分之十的折扣吗？ a part(in)（在...中）起作用
childhood experiences often play a big part in shaping one’s at 指着
it’s rude to point at people when one speaks in some countries.38 / 50
在有些国家,说话时用手指指人是不礼貌的。it doing sth.禁止某人做某事
i fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me from joining you at dinner.我有约在先,恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。
e sth/ provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物 was he able to provide you with the information? 他能给你提供消息吗？
„ into practice 将...付诸实施
as things are, we cannot put the plan into practice.就目前情况看来，我们还不能将此计划付诸现实。„ into words 用言辞表达
we should learn to put our ideas into words as accurately as possible.我们要学会把我们的思想尽可能地用精确的言语表达出来。 away 把...收起；放好
she washed the cups and put them away.她洗完杯子后便把他们收了起来。 down 放下；记下
you should put down every word she says.你要记下她说的每句话。 forward 提出
he put forward a plan for the committee to consider.他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。 out 出版；公布；扑灭
far water does not put out near fire.远水救不了近火。
they have already put out a new periodical.他们已经出版了一种新的期刊。 pressure on 对...施加压力
ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels.老龄问题将对社会各阶层带来压力。 through 接通电话
i want to put a call through to beijing.我想给北京挂一个长途电话。 up 搭建；提出（计划等）；留宿
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i put up the proposal on your behalf.我是为你的利益才提出这个建议的。
it’s time we put up the christmas decorations in the living room.我们该在起居室里张贴一些圣诞装饰物了。 up with 忍受
i can’t put up with her another day — she never stops complaining.她整天抱怨,我一天也不能忍受了。
r(16个)(in)„ from„ to„（在某方面）从...到...不等 those dresses range in price from twenty to fifty yuan.这些衣服的价钱自20元至50元。 than 而不是
rather than being punished, he should be rewarded.他该受奖励而不应该受惩罚。 out for 伸出手拿
you must reach out for any opportunity that comes your way.你必须抓住所遇到的任何机遇。r from 从...中恢复
it takes a long time for him to recover from a bad cold.他患重感冒，很长时间才康复。 to 参阅，指的是
refer to the dictionary when you don’t know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时, 查阅一下词典。does your remark refer to all of us? 你的评论是针对我们所有的人的吗? „ as 把...看作
we regard our support to them as our duty.我们把对他们的支持当作我们的职责。less of 不顾，不管
she is determined to do regardless of all consequences.她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。 sb of sth 提醒某人...thanks for your gift—it will always remind me of you.40 / 50
谢谢你们的礼物——它将使我经常想到你们。e a with b 用b取代a humor allows us to replace anxious feelings with easy joy.幽默使们能够用轻松的快乐代替焦虑的心情。d to 对...作反应
would anyone care to respond to the last question? 有愿意回答最后一个问题吗？ from 产生于，来自
nothing had resulted from our efforts.我们的努力没有产生什么结果。 in 导致、引起
the use of such technique could result in air pollution.使用这种技术会造成空气污染。„ with„用某物回报某人
does god punish or reward us with love? 爱,是上帝用来惩罚我们的还是奖赏我们的呢? across 碰见；偶然发现
i ran across her in the public library yesterday.我昨天在公共图书馆碰巧遇见了她。 after 追赶，追捕，跟踪
the policemen are running after a prisoner who escaped last night.警察在追捕一名昨夜逃跑的犯人。 hour（公共车辆的）高峰时间 you cannot park here during the rush hour.交通高峰时你不能把车停在这儿。
s(35个) through 看穿
he’s a poor liar;anyone can see through him.他说谎不高明, 任何人都能识破。 to 注意；负责（做某事），照顾（某人）see to it that you’re ready on time!请务必按时准备好!leave it up to me.i’ll see to it.41 / 50
交给我吧, 我会负责的。 for 派人去请
he was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.他病得很重,我们只好给他请医生了。te a from b 把a和b分开
it’s not difficult to separate a butterfly from a moth.区别蝴蝶和飞蛾并不难。 as 充当，起...作用
it may serve as teaching material by negative example.它可以作反面教材。„ free 释放
we pray you to set the prisoner free.我们恳求你释放这个囚犯。 about 开始，着手
she set about complaining as soon as she arrived.她一到就开始抱怨。 an example 树立榜样
her diligence has set an example to the others.她的勤奋为其他人树立了榜样。
aside 留出，拔出；把...置于一旁 setting the chair aside, he sat on the floor.他把椅子搁到一旁, 坐在地板上。
the hotel manager set aside two pleasant rooms for us.旅店经理给我们留出两间舒适的房间。 off 出发，启程；着手（做某事）it is suggested that we set off straight away.有人建议我们立刻动身。 out 出发；开始
the government has set out to make many needed reforms.政府开始进行许多必要的改革。 up 竖立；建立；设立；提出
a monument was set up as a memorial to the dead soldiers.为阵亡将士立了一个纪念碑。 down 定居
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he should get a house and settle down.他应该买幢房子安定下来。y/ soon after 在...后不久
a plane crashed shortly after taking off, killing all 163 on board.一架飞机在起飞后不久坠毁, 机上163人全部丧生。 up 出席；（使）显现
a police put some chemicals on the piece of paper and a line of words showed up.一位警察在一张条上涂上化学药品, 一行字迹清晰地显现出来。
he showed up when we least expected him.我们根本没有料到, 他竟然来了。 up for 报名参加
where do i sign up for that tour? 我到哪里去报名参加那个旅行呢？ up 熬夜
we don’t allow the children to sit up late.我们不允许孩子们熬夜。 down 减慢速度
slow down, i’ll take care of them one by one.慢一点，一个一个来。 or later 迟早
i guarantee you will eat your words sooner or later.我保证你迟早要收回前言，承认错误。 no efforts 不遗余力
we should spare no effort to beautify our environment.我们应该不遗余力地美化我们的环境。 highly of 高度赞扬
while people speak highly of internet, its drawbacks shouldn’t be neglected.当人们高度评价网络时, 不应忽视它的欠缺。 up 加快速度
we aim to speed up our delivery times.我们正力争加快交货时间。 up 涌现
doubts have begun to spring up in my mind.43 / 50
我脑中开始泛起怀疑。 for 代表
un stands for the united 是联合国的缩写。 out 突出，引人注目
his height makes him stand out in the crowd.他这么高，使他在人群中显得很突出。 awake 醒着
it is a real effort to stay awake through the film.真要强打起精神才能看完整部电影。 to 坚持、忠于
you must stick to your promise.你必须遵守诺言。
ht away 立即，马上
don’t expect him to approve of your design straight away.别指望他能立即接受你的设计方案。tute for 代替
can you substitute for the singer who is ill? 你能替一下那位得了病的歌手吗? d in 在...上成功
at last the climbers succeeded in conquering the difficult mountain.登山队员们终于成功地征服了这座难以攀登的山峰。 from 承受...之苦；患病
according to the latest survey, many british suffer from heart diseases.据最近调查显示,许多英国人患心脏病。 sth.供应某人某物 they supply us with latest equipment.他们向我们提供最新的装备。 the internet 上网冲浪
can i surf the internet with this computer here? 我可以用这台计算机上网吗？ off（用开关）关掉
be sure to switch off the light when you leave the office.你离开办公室时务必把灯关掉。
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on（用开关）打开
you switch the radio on by pressing this button.按这个按钮就能开收音机。
t(43个)(great)pains to do 煞费苦心做某事
i’m grateful to you for taking pains to show me how to do the work.感谢你费心指导我怎么去做这件工作。„as an example 举...为例
if you take her as an example, one day you will become a great scholar.你以她为榜样，总有一天会成为博学之士。„ seriously 认真对待
you do not have to take things too seriously.你不必遇事太认真。
„ for granted 想当然
we take it for granted that everyone should have the chance of being educated.我们把每个人都应该有受教育的机会视为理所当然。„ into consideration 把
表示因果关系的词和词组 表示因果关系的成语篇二
英语中表示绝不的词组 by no means” “in no way”
“for no reason” “in no case”
“at no time
not on any account on no account
in no circumstances in no sense
in no condition
表示因果关系的词和词组 表示因果关系的成语篇三
as a matter fact事实上
as a matter of fact, she found herself enjoying the physical labor.事实上，她发现她很享受这种体力劳动。
as a matter of fact，i finished it yesterday.实际上，我昨天就完成了 as a matter of fact, we are all毕竟
after all, you have learned to cook chinese food in this job.毕竟，通过这份工作你已经学会了烹制中国菜肴。
after all my advice, he still went his own way.在我苦口婆心地相劝后, ingly 于是
accordingly, when he arrived, he was disappointed to find carrie out.因此他来时, 看到嘉莉不在家,ingly, it was pretty gruffly that the doctor answered him.因此, a consequence 因此
as a consequence, their living standards were a consequence of smoking, my father coughs frequently.因为吸烟的缘故, a result 结果
as a result of the inquiry, two students have been sent down.调查结果, a result, he had to has been noted如前所述
as has been noted by many writers, cybernetics derives from the greek for “steersman”-----a pilot that steers a ship.正如许多作家指出的，控制论这个词源于希腊文中的“舵手”——掌控船只的人。
as i have said 如我所述
as i have said, the couple were speechless.正如我方才讲到的, i have said, my elders gave me up.正如我说过的那样, last 最后
at last he successfully solved the problem.最后他终于成功地解决了这个问题。at last the time arrived for the performance to y speaking
简言之;简而言之;briefly speaking, eco-city is a human living quarter with communal harmony.简单的说生态城市就是一个社会和谐的人类居区。
by doing so 如此
by doing so they give up their right to sue.因此, doing so, you can reduce the expenditure by half.这样一来, e it or not...信不信由你
believe it or not, he was here yesterday as large as life.信不信由你, e it or not, that's the way it is.信不信由你, e it or not, we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你, the way...顺便说 by the way, what time is it?
顺便问一下, 现在几点了?
by the way, what happened to the money? 顺便问一句,那笔钱后来怎么样了? certainly 当然地；无疑地
idea is not to have a house full of nly, the vacation was fun.当然了，那个假期过得很有趣。
consequently 因此
consequently, there are fewer cyclists.所以，那里也就几乎没有几个骑车的人。despite the fact that...尽管…
despite the fact that she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.尽管她个子矮，却是个出色的篮球运动员。
despite of不管，尽管，任凭 不顾，尽管，任凭； 不顾；不管；尽管 despite of that, both his parts supported him.尽管如此，父母都支持他。
despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem.管自行车有许多明显的优点，但是它也存在它的问题。
due to 由于
due to the nasty weather,there was a small audience.由于恶劣的天气，观众很少。
equally important 更重要的是
due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees.由于天气很冷, y important, the car drivers thirty miles on a gallon gas.同更重要的是，一加仑的汽油能让一辆汽车跑商30英里。
equally ally 最后
eventually he would have to venture out.到时候,ally, they evolved into giraffes.最终, this reason 基于这种原因
for this reason, we have an interesting proverb.基于此种理由，我们有一句有趣的谚语。
finally（最后）
finally i bought a house.我终于买了栋房子。
finally the moon peeped out from behind the one thing 首先
for one thing, it’s an exercise;and for another, it’s an entertainment.首先，它是一种运动；其次，它是一种娱乐。
generally speaking...总体来说
generally speaking, parents love their children.一般说来, lly speaking, the coldest weather comes in january.一般来说, es长颈鹿
giraffes are eating leaves on trees.长颈鹿吃着树上的叶子。giraffes have very long necks.长颈鹿的脖子很长。
hence 因此
hence the hen cries whenever it sees a chicken.从此每当那只母鸡看见小鸡时就叫 hence, she drew near these things.因此, a word 总之
in a word, he tires of everything.简言之, a word, i can't go out as i have many things to do.总而言之, 我不能出去, a word, you found out something you had not known before.一句话, brief 简言之
in brief, your work is bad.总之, brief, the matter stands thus.简单地说, conclusion 总；最后
in conclusion she wished her comrades every success in their conclusion, i would like to thank you for your attention.最后, short 简而言之
in short, we must be prepared.总而言之, short, i should make that choice.总之, summary 简要地说
in summary , three main points have to be kept in view.总的来说, summary, humans have a lot going for them.总之, sum 总之；简而言之
in sum , ivan fell in love with her at first sum anything looks good on her slender figure.总之,她身材好, as 正如
just as i haven't good eyes, neither have my children.就好像我视力不好, because 只是因为
just because you speak english doesn’t mean you can teach it.你会说英语并不意味着你能教英语。
just because you’re old doesn’t mean you have to be idle.只是因为你年纪大了，这并不意味着你就应该懒散不活动。
keep保持;保留
keep on go till you come to a red brick building.一直往前走直到一座红砖楼为止。keep your hands off me;or i'll knock you down.不要碰我，当心我把你打倒在地。keep straight on until you get to the church.一直朝前走就走到教堂了。
last but not least最后但同样重要的;last but not least, h e could play the saxophone.最后同样重要的是，他能演奏萨克斯管。last but not least, more exercises help us keep healthy and fit.最后, but not least, he should be an honest person.最后是最重要的, se
adv.同样地;也，而且;likewise, nicotine will disrupt your sleep.同样地，尼古丁会破坏你的睡眠。likewise, the one who received two made another two.同样, 那领了两个的,er 此外
moreover, they expected to remove their houses.另外，他们期望能迁移他们的房屋。moreover, i saw many fine mountain sceneries on the way.还有, 在路上,ile
adv.同时，其间
meanwhile, there are deals to be made.与此同时，还有一些交易要达成。
meanwhile, heat the tomatoes and oil in a pan.同时，在平底锅里将西红柿和油加热。
needless to say
当然，不用说;不必说;不待说;needless to say, gupta was not happy.不用说，古普塔高兴不起来。needless to say, he never came again.很明显, ss to say, learning without thinking is useless.不用说, eless 英][ˌnʌnðəˈles][美][ˌnʌnðəˈlɛs] adv.虽然如此，但是;nonetheless, she was finding tollifer a most diverting person.不过, eless, that was almost ten years ago.不过, heless [英][ˌnevəðəˈles][美][ˌnɛvəðəˈlɛs] adv.然而;尽管如此;不过;仍然;conj.然而;尽管如此;5
nevertheless it is hard work.这仍然是项繁重的工作。
nevertheless winston did not speak for another moment or sly 显然
obviously he was sly there must be a message of some kind written on it.不用说, the whole 总体来说；整个看来
on the whole the weather is not the whole she had lived modestly, with a notable lack of ostentation.大体上说，她生活俭朴，不事张扬。
once again 再一次
once again he was disappointed in love.他有一次失恋了。once again i warned to 由于
owing to unfavorable weather we were unable to proceed.由于天气不好，我们不能继续前进。
owing to the bad weather, we didn't go to the park.由于天气不好, the contrary 相反的
on the contrary, success is a lifestyle.相反的，成功是一种生活方式。on the contrary i get up late.正好相反，ally speaking就个人来说，就自己而言
personally speaking, i'm in favour of the scheme.就本人而言，我赞成这个计画。personally speaking, i prefer the second candidate.我本人喜欢第二个候选人。
presently 目前； 不久;马上;
presently i got the whole tly he calmed a tly he heard the sound of 相当的
quite obviously, the control is not absolute.很明显，这种控制不是绝对的。quite well, thank you.很好，谢谢你。
quite often we do things on impulse.我们做事往往很冲动。riding is my favorite sport.骑马是我最喜爱的运动 reading does good to our mind.读书对心灵有益。
surely
adv.无疑;一定，确实;（回答）当然，好;保管;surely we should do something about it? 我们总得想个办法吧？
surely you need some help with so much work.这么些活儿,得有个人帮帮你吧? surely we can rise above every you agree that she won the debate.无疑，你赞同她赢得了那场辩论赛。similarly 同样地，相似的
similarly, the wilsons enjoy spicy foods.同样的，威尔逊一家也喜欢吃辛辣食物。similarly, the eclipse will appear in wangri that year 15.同样地, 月食一定出现在望日, 既然，自从
since it is so hot, let's go swimming.既然天气这么热,我们去游泳吧。
since he went to senior high school, he has worked very hard.自从他上高中，他一直很用功。
since you are wrong, you should apologize.你既然错了，就应该道歉。since so, i have nothing to say.既然如此，我无话可说。
take… for example 以……为例
take for example your job.以你的工作为例。take edison for example.以爱迪生为例。take , for example, toilet , for example the intermittency of wind , for example, the two images above.譬如说, 然后
then she tells one more story.接着，她讲了另一个故事。
then they called on xiao yang to play the ore 因此
therefore, i am responsible for myself and for everyone else.因此, ore we went to the library a little earlier to greet conclude 总而言之
to conclude, i wish the conference a great success.最后, 预祝大会获得圆满成功!
to speak frankly 坦白地说
to speak frankly, i don't like the idea at all.老实说, speak frankly, it doesn't depend on me.坦白地说, sum up 总而言之
to sum up, he is a person with many outstanding qualities.总括起来说, sum up, each solution has its advantages and disadvantages.总而言之, sum up, we students must concentrate on what we have studied.总而言之, conj.除非；如果不
unless you work harder, you will not pass the examination.如果不加紧用功，你就不能通过考试。
“unless paying by credit card , please pay in cash.” 请付现金,除非使用信用卡。
unlike 不像，不同的
unlike his brother, he has a sense of humor.和他兄弟不同，他很幽默。
unlike some birds, it does not dive vertically.和一些鸟不一样, other trees, it doesn't taper very much.和别的树不同，它不是越往上越细。
up to now 到目前为止
up to now, the work has been quite smooth.到目前为止，工作很顺利。
up to now,the pilot has logged 3 000 flying hours.到现在为止，飞行员的飞行记录已达3 000小时。
up to now everything has been successful.到目前为止，一切都很顺利。
usually 通常的
usually i only have a snack at lunchtime.我中午通常只吃点心。usually i go up to london on the unately 令人遗憾的，不幸的
unfortunately the plan backfired.不幸的是，计划产生了适得其反的结果。
unfortunately, i won't be able to attend the meeting.真可惜我不能参加这次会议。
unfortunately , the weather lets us of china 中国之声
make the voice of china be widely heard throughout the world!让中国之声响彻全世界!very well, so long as everybody joins in.很好，只要大家都参加。very soon he heard a raven cry outside.很快他就听见了外面乌鸦的叫声。very soon she apologized and left.她马上道歉并离开了。
very soon, went to get him!过一会儿,圣彼得来接他啦!
very likely you will disapprove highly of my work.很可能你会极不赞成我的工作。what’s more 而且
what’s more, they don’t know how to appreciate.而且，他们也不懂得如何去珍惜。what is more interesting is the friendship between cats and dogs.更有趣的是狗与猫之间的友谊。
what is more, she kept peter amused with her witty talk and her gentle ways.她的诙谐的谈吐和温柔的举动常使彼得感到高兴。
what is more, he is not a hard-working student.更为甚者, is more serious is that we do not cherish the wildlife.更严重的是, is more, history is a highly practical subject.而且, ’s worse 更糟糕的是
what’s worse, we have not much water left.更糟糕的是，我们的水不多了。
what's worse, when you answer the call, you find that's a wrong number!更糟糕的是, 当你接电话时, 却发现是别人打错电话了!without doubt 毫无疑问
without(any)doubt, appearance comes before price.不容置疑，外观比价格还要重要。without doubt，he is the cleverest student i've taught.他确实是我所教过的学生中最聪明的。yet 然而
yet, there was still a chance that he could win.然而，他还是有机会赢的。yet the house was cheerful.但屋子里显得很欢快。yet its population has doubled.但它的人口翻了一番。
yesterday he went to london and there fell into company with day i retrieved the bag i left in the day i went to see him, but again he wasn't home.昨天我去找他, is the predominant colour this spring in the fashion world.黄色是今春时装界的流行颜色。
yellow is her favourite is a cheerful in the zoo don't know zero.公园里的斑马不知道零 zoo is my favourite place to have black in on your target and go for it.瞄准目标, in your start, and go for it.从零开始, 通往直前.
表示因果关系的词和词组 表示因果关系的成语篇四
上海市高中英语教学基本词组及参考例句（共518个词组）
（注：高中必须掌握的词组）
a(41个)1.a great drain on sth
对„„巨大的消耗
the cost of his children's education is a great drain on his money.他孩子的教育费用造成他极大的负担。
t for 说明，解释
how do you account for his change of attitude? 你怎样来解释他态度的变化？
…of 指控„„，谴责„„
i don't think anyone can accuse him of not being frank.我看谁也不能说他不坦率。
as
担任；充当
we must appoint sb to act as secretary.我们得指定一个人当秘书。
people who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.有时候，眼睛看得见的人也做出同样的蠢事。
(…)to…
使适应
you should adapt yourself to the new environment.你应该适应新环境。
young animals adapt quickly to a new environment.幼小动物很快就适应新的环境。
to
增添
this lesson adds to the value of the book.这一课增加了这本书的价值。
up to 合计达
for a hit show, profits can add up to millions of dollars.一场热门演出的利润可达数百万美元。
(…)to
（使）适应
my eyes haven't adjusted to the dark yet.我的眼睛还没有适应黑暗。
some animals adjust themselves to their environment by instinct.有些动物会本能地适应环境。
… to/into
准许„„进入 he opened the door and admitted me into the house.他把门打开让我进屋。
this ticket will admit one adult to the show.这张票将允许一个成年人入场。
on 就„„取得一致
we couldn't agree on a date/when to meet.关于日期[什么时候见面],我们未能取得一致意见。
to 同意某人观点、意见
i find it impossible to agree to your terms.我无法接受你的条件。
with…
同意„„的意见；适合that shows she did not quite agree with me.这表示她不同意我的意见。
london does not agree with me;i like paris better.伦敦对我不适宜, 我更喜欢巴黎。
of time/schedule 提前
we managed to fulfill the task ahead of time.我们总算提前完成了任务。
a great painter is usually ahead of his time.伟大的画家总是走在时代的前头。
at 瞄准，争取
the factory must aim at increasing production [increased production].工厂必须致力于增加生产。
to 呼吁；吸引
does the idea of working abroad appeal to you? 你对去国外工作感兴趣吗？ she appealed to a higher court.她向上级法院上诉。
for 申请
they apply for permission to use the tennis court.他们申请借用这个网球场。
… to…
把„„应用于„„
in this way they can better apply theory to practice.这样他们就能更好地把理论运用到实践中去。
e of 赞成 i don't approve of your way of looking at things.我不赞成你看事情的方法。
a matter of fact 事实上
as a matter of fact, everything has developed as we wanted.事实上，情况的发展和我们希望的完全一样。
a result
作为结果；因此
as a result, he was given an excellent job.结果他得到了一份好工作。
he was late as a result of the snow.他因下雪而迟到。
a whole 作为整体，就整体来看 we should analyze the problem as a whole.我们应该把问题作为一个整体来分析。
far as 就„„而言，远到„„，到„„程度（表示程度，范围）our campus comes up as far as the river.我们的校园一直延伸到河边。
as far as i know, he will be away for three months.据我所知, 他将离开三个月。
his parents supported him as far as they could.他父母竭尽全力抚养他。
usual 照常
everything went on as usual as though nothing had happened.一切照常进行，好像什么事也没有发生。
a favor of 请„„帮个忙
there's just one last favor i need to ask of you.还有最后一件事要你帮忙。
about 查问，打听
can i ask about your attitude to intelligence test? 请问您对智力测验有什么看法?
after 问候
don't forget to ask after your aunt when you see tom this evening.你今天晚上看见汤姆时，别忘记问候你的姑母。
ate a with b 把a和b联系起来 what do you associate with such a heavy snow? 对这样一场大雪你有什么联想？
… of 向„„保证
i can assure you of my determination to fulfil our task ahead of schedule.我可以向你发誓决心提前完成任务。
a loss 茫然不知所措
the man looked surprised and somewhat at a loss.那人看起来非常吃惊，也有点手足无措。she was at a loss what she should do.她不知该怎么办好。
all costs / at the cost of 不惜一切代价
we are determined to defend our motherland at all costs.我们决心不惜任何代价保卫祖国。
the fox escaped from the trap at the cost of a leg.狐狸虽逃出了陷阱，但却失去了一条腿。
first sight 乍一看
john fell in love with her at first sight.约翰对她一见钟情。
one time 一度
at one time, they used to mine coal in these valleys.从前他们在这些峡谷中采煤。
present 现在，目前
we are deadly short of staff at present.目前我们极缺职员。
the cost of 以„„为代价
the young policeman saved the child at the cost of his own life.那位年轻的警察为了拯救这个小孩，而牺牲了自己的生命。
the mercy of 任由„„摆布
they were lost at the sea, at the mercy of the wind and weather.他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆布。the barbecue was at the mercy of the weather.烧烤活动搞不搞完全要视天气状况而定。
the moment 此刻，目前；那时，当时 our chief concern at the moment is the weather.眼前我们最关心的事是天气。
the risk of 冒着生命危险 they were determined to get there even at the risk of their life.即使要冒生命危险，他们也决心要到那里去。
times 有时
be yourself at all times.随时随地都应表现出真实的自己。we all make fool of ourselves at times.有时，我们全都会干出傻事。
(…)to 把„„依附于
all blame for the accident must attach to myself.事故的一切责任应由本人承担。
attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it.把邮票贴在信封上寄出去。
importance to 重视
you should attach importance to what he said.你必须重视他所说的话。
授予某人某物
for his dedication, the mayor awarded him a medal of merit.为表彰他的奉献精神，市长授予他荣誉奖章。
b(82个) … on …
把„„放在„„的基础上
we must base ourselves on the interests of the people.我们一定要从人民的利益出发。
absent from 缺席
you must not be absent from the meetings without cause.你必须参加那些会议，不得无故缺席。
absorbed in…
全神贯注于„„
she sat on the ground absorbed in her studies.她坐在地上专心学习。
accustomed to doing 习惯于做
english people are accustomed to driving on the left.英国人习惯于靠左边开车。
one grows to like what one is accustomed to.人渐渐会喜欢所习惯的事物。
anxious about 担忧
there is no reason to be anxious about the result.不必为这结果而担心。
don't be too anxious about your rights and having favors repaid.不必急于求回报。
aware of 意识到的
be aware of those who fish in troubled waters.当心那些浑水摸鱼的人。
we should at all times be aware of our own shortcomings.我们必须随时注意自己的缺点。
capable of 有能力
be ready to assemble at the first call and be capable of fighting and winning.召之即来，来之能战，战之能胜。
composed of…
由„„组成
the board shall be composed of eight directors.董事会由八名董事组成。
concerned about 关心
he is more concerned about others than about himself.他关心别人比关心自己还重。
confident of 对„„有信心
i have every reason to be confident of our victory.我有充分的理由坚信胜利是属于我们的。
considerate of do sth.某人做某事考虑得周到 you may be more considerate of other people.你该多为别人想想
contrary to 与„„相反
contrary to our expectation, the examination turned out to be a piece of cake.出乎我们预料的是这次考试容易极了
curious about 对„„好奇
i'm most curious about how they achieved their success.我很想知道他们是如何获得成功的
determined to do 决定做某事
let us be determined to be free of problems that do not exist.让我们下定决心，由那些根本就不存在的问题中脱身。
down with
由于„„病倒了
she is down with a fever today.6 她今天发烧了。
engaged in 忙于做某事
his love to language causes him to be engaged in translation.他对语言的热爱促使他从事翻译工作
equal to 与„„相等 will she be equal to such a task? 她能胜任这样一项工作吗
exposed to 曝光于，接触
poor john was exposed to the wind and rain.可怜的约翰处于风雨交加之中
faced with sth.面对„„
sometimes people are faced with unfortunate circumstances that can not be changed.有时候，人们会面临无法改变的不幸
familiar with 对„„熟悉
since you are familiar with the field, we know your views will be extremely interesting to us.您对此领域很熟悉，您的见解定会给我们带来很大兴趣
fed up with 对„„厌烦
i am simply fed up with this kind of weather.我简直对这种天气烦透了
fit for 适合„„
i ought to be fit for work at the end of the month.到月底时，我应该可以工作了
free from 没有„„的
she had the good fortune to be free from illness all her life.她真幸运，一生没有病痛
grateful to sth.因某事感激某人 i shall be grateful to you all my life.我将一辈子感激你
ignorant of 对某事一无所知
they appear to be ignorant of what is going on here.他们对这里发生的事似乎一点也不知道
in favor of 支持（赞成）„„
you would be in favor of our proposal, wouldn't you? 你赞成我们的提议, 是吗
independent of 独立于
if you have a car you will be independent of train and buses.你要是有辆汽车就不受火车和公车的支配了
infected with 受感染
he hasn't yet been infected with the evils of society.他还没沾染社会上的不良风气
inferior to 较低于，与„„相比不如 i consider this one to be inferior to that one.我认为这个比那个要差
involved in 卷入，参与
you will be well advised not to get involved in their quarrel.您最好不要卷入他们的争吵
located(in)坐落（在）
shenzhen is located in south china bordering on hongkong.深圳位于华南，比邻香港。
lost in thought 陷入沉思
my sister sat silent for some time, lost in thought.我姐姐沉默地坐了一会儿，陷入沉思
of good / poor quality 质量好/差 coffee from brazil is usually of good quality.巴西的咖啡通常质量很好。
on a diet 节食
she is on a diet and is losing weight.她节制饮食，体重一直在下降。
opposed to doing 强烈反对做某事
she seems very much opposed to your going abroad.她好像很反对你出国。
particular about 对„„挑剔
you shouldn't be so particular about what you wear.你不该对穿着这么讲究。
popular with / among 受某人欢迎
fifty years ago nobody could expect that computers would be popular with the family in china.五十年前没人能预料到上海的家庭会普及电脑。
we are sure the toys will be popular among children and good for their intelligence.我方相信，这些玩具会受到儿童的喜爱并对其智力开发大有益处。
present at 出席，在场
it happened that he had to be present at an opening ceremony..恰好这天他须去参加一个开幕典礼。
qualified for 可胜任„„
in my estimation, the applicant should be well qualified for this job.据我估计，这位应聘者完全具备这项工作的条件。
related to 与„„相关
a relative means a person to whom one is related.亲戚的意思就是有血缘关系的人。
resistant to… 对„„有抵抗能力
some species are highly resistant to living in new areas and are expected to die out.有些物种对生活在新的地方极不适应，估计它们将逐渐灭绝。
responsible for 对„„负责任
parents are supposed to be responsible to their children for their education.父母应当对其子女的教育负有责任。
satisfied with 对„„感到满意
my impression is that they are satisfied with you performance.我的印象是，他们对你的表现很满意。
second to none 第一，不次于任何人 in mathematics, he is second to none in the class.就数学来说，他是班里第一。
short of 缺乏
the trouble is that we are short of hand.困难是我们缺少人手。
similar to 与„„相似
his dress is very similar to mine in colour.他衣服的颜色和我衣服的很相似。
strict with 对„„严格
is it necessary for you to be so strict with his children? 你有必要那样严格地对待他的孩子们吗？
suitable for 适合„„
there is no single plastic material which is suitable for all applications.没有哪一种塑料材料是万能的。
superior to 优于„„
you must give up the idea that you are superior to them in every respect 你必须放弃认为自己在各方面都优于他们的想法。
sure of 坚信；确信
it is said she is quite sure of success.据说她很有成功的把握。
worried about 为„„担心
there's really no reason to be worried about what will happen tomorrow.确实没有理由为明天的事情担心。
/ get used to 习惯于„„
it takes time to get used to new shoes.穿惯新鞋需要时间。
… in mind 把„„牢记在心
the students were asked to bear in mind what teachers told in class.要求学生记住老师在课堂上所讲的内容。
with 由„„开始
we think it necessary to begin with the experiment.我们认为先做这个实验是必要的。
oneself 行为检点、守规矩
you should educate your children to behave themselves.你应该教育你的孩子们守规矩。
e in 信仰；对„„有信心
i believe in your ability to solve the problem.我相信你有解决这问题的能力。
e it or not 信不信由你
believe it or not, it was a hug that changed my mind.信不信由你，是一个拥抱改变了我的心情。
t from 得益于
who will benefit from the old man's death? 那位老人死后，谁将是受益人？
/ within one’s power 力所不及/ 力所能及 it is beyond my power to arrange the meeting.安排这样的会议超出了我的能力。
description 难以描述
the very sight of the super star pleased us beyond description.单是看到那个超级巨星，我们就高兴得无法形容。
… for 因„„责备某人
the driver is partially to blame for the accident.司机对那次车祸应负部分责任。
away from 脱离，逃跑 you must break away from such bad habits.你必须革除这样的坏习惯。
down 抛锚；倒塌；中止
our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.我们的车坏了, 不得不把它拖到修车厂去。
out 爆发
the forecast that war would break out proved true.战争会爆发的预测被证实了。
the law 违法
we can not just sit by while these people break the law.我们不能坐视这些人违犯法律。
through 突破；突围
it was difficult at first to break through her quiet manner.起初她很难克服那内向的性格。
… to an end 结束
only those who know the underlying truth can bring this to an … to life 使„„苏醒
it is said that the doctor is able to bring the dying back to life.据说这位医生能起死回生。
about 引起
science has brought about many changes in our lives.科学为我们生活带来了很多变化。
up 抚养
he gave much attention and thought to bring up his children.他在教育孩子方面花了大量的心血。
up 建立，树立
the goalkeeper is organizing to build up a wall.守门员正在组织筑人墙。
into 撞上；碰见
when you walk in a crowded street you must look about you lest you bump into someone.在拥挤的街道上行走时，必须四周看看，免得撞了别人。
into 突然发作；突然„„起来 they were so moved that they burst into tears.他们感动得哭了起来。
accident 意外地；偶然
we met by accident at the railway station.我们在火车站偶然相遇。
all means 一定
the prices are variable, shop around by all means.价格高低不一，所以一定要货比三家逐店选购。
comparison 比较起来，相比之下
by comparison, trips by sea offer a great variety of civilized comforts.相比较而言，海上旅行可提供各种文明的舒适条件。
means of 用，依靠
we express our thoughts by means of words.我们用话语来表达思想。
mistake 弄错
he restored the umbrella he had taken by mistake.他把拿错了的雨伞放回原处。
no means 决不
by no means can theory be separated from practice.理论决不能脱离实践。
the dozen 以打计
we buy tea by the pound, cloth by the yard and eggs by the dozen.我们买茶叶是以磅计，买布以码计，买蛋以打计。
this means 用这种方法
only by this means can you make greater progress in your work.只有这样你才能在工作中取得更大的进步。
/ in contrast 对比之下
his white hair was in sharp contrast to his dank skin.他的白发同他的黑皮肤形成鲜明的对比。
c(47个)
at 访问某地
she asked him to call at brown's hotel to see her daughter.她让他到布朗饭店去看望她的女儿。
for 要求；需要
more work doesn't necessarily call for more men.增加工作不一定要增加人员。
in 顺路到（某处）；请某人来帮忙
they call for more government investments in new industries.他们呼吁政府给新兴工业更多的投资。
off 取消
what is the alternative to call the trip off?
如果取消这次旅游，那我们还有什么地方可去？
on 拜访某人；号召
we can call on our former teacher tomorrow.我们明天可以去拜访过去的老师。
out 大声叫唤；唤起
trouble can call out a person's best qualities.逆境可以激发出一个人的优秀品质。
about 关心、介意 they don't care about the expenses.他们对费用不在乎。
on 继续；进行
we must try to carry on as if nothing had happened.我们必须继续下去, 只当作什么都没有发生过。 out 执行；实施
we expect him to carry out his promises.我们期待他履行诺言。
one’s eye 引起注意
let's find a table first and then try to catch a waiter's eye.我们先找张桌子坐下，再叫个服务员过来。
up with 赶上
excessive drinking and smoking will catch up with you.过度喝酒和抽烟迟早会使你受害不浅。
/ lose sight of 看见/看不见
don't let me catch sight of you doing it again!别让我再看到你干这种事了！
in the heat of the argument we mustn't lose sight of our main purpose.在辩论得激烈的时候，我们不应忘掉我们的主要目的。
for the better/worse 好转/恶化
they believe that things can change for the better and finds ways of making it happen.他们要坚信一切会向好的方面转化，并找出使之成为现实的方案。
…with 控告
the police are going to charge him with murder.警察要控告他杀人。
up 使高兴；高兴起来
try to cheer are not so bad as they seem.想办法高兴点儿, 情况并不像看上去那样糟。
up 打扫干净 this room needs cleaning up.这间房间需要打扫一下。
up 澄清；（天气）变晴
the sky is overcast now, but i think it will clear up soon.现在天色阴沉, 不过我想马上就会转晴的。they hope to clear the matter up quickly.他们希望很快就能把事情弄个水落石出。
e… with… 把„„和„„结合起来 it is important that we combine theory with practice.对我们来说，把实践和理论结合起来是重要的。 across 不期而遇
he is the most direct young man i`ve ever come across.他是我碰到过的最直率的青年。
down with 患病
i am afraid i am come down with a cold.我恐怕是着了凉了。
into existence/being 产生、成立 when did the roman empire come into being? 罗马帝国是什么时候形成的?
out 出来；开花；结果是
have you get the issue that come out recently? 你有最近出的那一期杂志吗？
let me know how the voting comes out.告诉我投票结果如何。
to(oneself)达到；共计；恢复知觉，苏醒 after much talk they came to an agreement.经过多次商谈, 他们达成了协议。ask the waiter what our bill comes to.问问侍者我们一共应付多少钱。
i was already on my way when it suddenly came to me that i hadn't hung out my washing.我上路以后才想起我没有把洗完的衣服晾起来。
to/ into power 上台，执掌
the present government came into power two years ago.现政府是两年前上台的。
to/ arrive at a conclusion 得出结论
i sincerely hope that our negotiation will come to a successful conclusion.我衷心希望这次谈判能圆满成功。
up with 提出
is this the very best you can come up with? 这就是你能提供的最好的办法吗？
up 走近；长出来
while we were talking, a man came up.我们正在谈话时, 一个人走了过来。
t on 评论
the teacher refused to comment on the examination results.教师不肯评论考试结果。
a crime 犯罪
if you commit a crime you can never escape being punished.你要是犯罪，就逃脱不了要受惩罚。
knowledge 常识
it's common knowledge that women talk more than men.众所周知，女人总比男人说话多。
e a to b 把a比喻成b shakespeare compared the world to a stage.莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
e a with b 把a和b比较
few writers can compare with him in that respect.在这方面很少作家能和他相比。
e with 与„„相竞争
no student in our class can compete in english with mary.在英语方面，我们班上没有人能与玛丽竞争。
trate on 集中精力在„„
we must concentrate our efforts on finding ways to reduce costs.我们要集中精力找出降低成本的办法。
t a survey 做一个调查
if we want a final conclusion, we must conduct specialized survey research.如果要下定论, 必须进行专门的调查研究。
e a with b 把a和b混淆
i always confuse john with his brother, for they are very much alike.我总是分不清约翰和他的哥哥，他们长得太像了。
tulate sth.因某事祝贺某人
you can congratulate yourself on having done a good job.你的工作做得很出色，你应该感到自豪。
er…(as/ to be)把„„看作
i consider it a great honor to be invited to dinner.我认为能被邀请参加晚宴是很大的荣幸。
t of 由„„组成
water is said to consist of oxygen and hydrogen.据说水由氢气和氧合成。
bute to 有助于
various factors contributed to his success.多种因素导致了他的成功。
ce sth.使某人相信某事
we must convince the students of the need for wider reading.我们必须让学生们认识到广泛的阅读的必要性。
ate with sb.和某人合作
if you can cooperate with each other, everything should run smoothly.如果你们能互相配合，一切都会顺利的。
with 对付，应付，处理
how do you cope with the problem of poor vision？
怎样解决视力不好这一难题呢？
on 依靠，指望
that was the only thing they could count on.那是他们唯一依靠的东西。
a long distance 走了很长一段路
we estimate(that)it will take three days to cover the distance.我们估计走完这段路程要花三天时间。
down on 减少
what they are supposed to do is to cut down on government spending.他们该做的是削减政府开支。
off 切断；断绝
his dishonesty cut him off from all of us.他为人的不诚实使我们大家都不愿与之为伍。
d(14个)
back to 追溯到
there are few people who would believe that these books date back to 15th century.很少有人相信这种书的历史竟可以追溯到15世纪。
oneself to doing sth.献身于做某事
after she graduated，she continued to devote herself to research.毕业后她继续致力于研究工作。
down 逐渐平息
the gossip will soon die down now that the woman is dead.既然这名妇女已经死了,这些闲言碎语也将很快消失。
out 灭绝
those species inadaptable to changing conditions may die out.那些不能适应变化中的环境的物种可能会灭绝。
from 与„„不同
the brothers differ from each other in their interests.这几个兄弟各有所好。
guish… from… 把„„区别于
it is hard for young children to distinguish right from wrong.对于小孩来说，分辨是非是困难的。
… into…
把„„分成
first he divided it in two, and then divided each into four.他首先把它分成两份, 然后又把每份分成四份。
harm/ good to 对„„有害处/好处 lies also do harm to those who tell them.谎话对说谎者本身也有损害。
nothing but do 除了„„什么也不做
you can do nothing but let matters take their course.你无能为力，只能顺其自然。
/ form/ reach/ make a conclusion 得出结论 what conclusion can we draw from their leave? 他们的离去能使我们得出什么结论呢？
/ attract one’s attention 吸引某人的注意 she gave a quiet cough to attract my attention.她轻轻地咳了一声好引起我注意。
把某人逼疯
it is the regrets over yesterday and the fear of tomorrow that drive men mad!真正令人发疯的是对昨日的悔恨及对明日的恐惧!
in on/ at 顺便拜访
be sure to drop in on me when you can spare a moment.等你抽得出空时一定别忘了顺便来看看我。
to 由于；因为 her absence is due to illness.她因病缺席。
e(7个)
up with 以„„告终
we had a banquet, which ended(up)with soup.我们举行了一个宴会，最后一道是喝汤。
for/ sign up for 报名参加
are you going to enter yourself for the contest? 你打算报名参加比赛吗？
ain sth.用„„来招待某人 he entertain us for hour with his story and joke.他给我们讲故事、说笑话，让我们高兴了好几小时。
sth.用„„来装备某人
education must equip students with the skills and the information needed to make sense of reality.教育须用必需的技巧和信息装备学生，使之懂得真理。
from 从„„逃离
young people often desire to escape from their parents.年轻人常常想要摆脱他们的父母。
since 从那时起直至今日
we've been friends ever since we left school.我们从学校毕业后一直是朋友。
ge a for b 用a交换b where can i exchange my dollars for pounds? 我可以在哪里把美金换成英镑？
f(20个)
up to 勇敢面对
there are dangers which you must face up to.有危险，你必须勇敢地面对。
in love with… 爱上某人
women don't fall in love as easily as men do.女士不像男士那样快地坠入情网。
off 跌落
did she fall off the cliff by accident, or was she pushed off? 她是意外地掉下悬崖(cliff)，还是被推下去的呢？
on 落在某一天；责任落在某人身上 your bill will fall due on the fifteenth.你的支票将在15日到期。
from enough 远远不够
we have made some progress, but it is far from enough.我们已经取得了一些进步，但还远远不够。
against 与„„斗争
he tried to fight against being transferred to another department.他试图反对被调往另一部门。
out 算出，推测出
no one can figure out how the fire started.没有人弄得清这场火灾是怎么引发的。
… with 用„„充满
the sight of him filled her with happiness.一见到他, 她心里就充满了幸福。
an excuse 找借口
tom can not find a good excuse for being late.汤姆找不到充分的理由说明迟到的原因。
fault with 挑„„毛病
i can't find fault with the new restaurant: the food is good and the service is excellent.我无法对那家新餐馆吹毛求疵：食品很好，服务也是一流的。
in with 适合
his examples fitted in well with his argument.他举的例子很说明他的论点。
(one’s attention)on 集中注意
a near-sighted person cannot focus accurately on distant objects.一个近视的人不能够准确地调整焦距以看到远处物体。
one’s example 学某人的样子
we must all follow his example and serve the people heart and soul.我们都应学习他的榜样，全心全意为人民服务。
for thought 应思考的问题 there is much food for thought in the film.这部电影里有很多值得思考的东西。
free 免费地；无偿地 i got the sample for free.我免费得到这样品。
the sake of 为了„„利益
she sacrificed her life for the sake of freedom.她为争取自由而献出了自己的生命。
e 因„„而原谅某人
i hope you forgive me for opening your letter by mistake.我误拆了您的信，期望您原谅。
the habit of 养成某种习惯
you had better encourage your children to form the habit of reading at an early age 你最好鼓励孩子在小时候形成读书的习惯。
of charge 免费
how much hand luggage may i carry free of charge? 我可以免费携带多少手提行李？
the bottom of one’s heart 从心底里，发自内心地
the mother thanks the man from the bottom of her heart for saving her son's life.这位母亲衷心感谢那位救了她儿子性命的人。
g(20个)
across 横过；穿过
the bridge was destroyed, so they wouldn't get across.桥被毁坏了，所以他们无法过河。
down to 开始认真对待
you must get down to your studies this year.你今年要好好学习。 in the way 挡道，妨碍
her social life has gotten in the way of her study.她的社交生活妨碍了学业。
lost 迷路
i gave you a map so you wouldn't get lost.我给你一张地图，这样你就不会迷路了。
over 克服；从„„恢复过来
we will find ways to get over the difficulties.我们会找到克服困难的办法。
through with 完成
i'll telephone you when i get through with this pile of papers.我处理完这一大堆文件后就打电话给你。
… a lift 给„„搭便车 give me a lift to the station, will you? 让我搭你的车去火车站，好吗？
away 泄露；出卖；赠送
don't give away to the public when we will start.不要向公众泄露我们出发的日期。
in 投降；让步；上交
the defenders were outnumbered and had to give in.抵抗者寡不敌众, 只能投降。
off 发出（气体）
these planets do not give off light of their own.这些行星本身不发光。
out 分发
give out the examination papers to the candidates, please.请把考卷发给应试者。
rise to 引起
these bad conditions have given rise to a lot of crime.这些恶劣的环境已造成了许多犯罪行为。
way to 让位于，对„„让步
i will persuade each to give way a little so that things can be settled.我会说服双方各自让步一点，好把事情解决。 at 瞥一眼，匆匆一看
he glanced at the envelope and recognized his uncle's handwriting.他瞥了一眼那个信封，认出是他叔父的笔迹。
after 追求
he had left his wallet on the table, so i went after him.他把钱包忘在桌子上了, 所以我追去找他。
in for 从事于，报名参加
what events is he going in for at the olympics? 他将在奥运上参加什么项目?
round 足够分配；（疾病）流传，传播
there are not enough desks to go round in the classroom.教室里书桌不够用。
there are a lot of colds going round.感冒正在散播。
through 检查；经历
when he was a child, he went through one hardship after another.孩提时代, 他经历了一个又一个的艰难困苦。
with 伴随；与„„协调
what vegetables do you recommend to go with? 你看该配什么蔬菜一起吃呢？
te from 从„„毕业
it is often said that american universities are difficult to enter, but easy to graduate from.经常听说美国的大学难于进入，但容易毕业。
h(21个)
out 分发
will you help me to hand out the materials for the lecture? 你可以帮我分发演讲材料吗?
on 抓紧不放，不挂电话 hang on a minute while i look it up.你稍等一下，等我查查看。
a gift / talent / genius for 有„„的天赋 do you think you have the gift of making up stories? 你看你有编造故事的本领吗？
a good/ poor opinion of 对„„评价高/低
almost all have a good opinion of the speech given by mr green.几乎所有的人对格林先生的发言都给予了很高的评价。
a good command of 精通
only in this way can we have a good command of english.只有这样我们才能精通英语。
a look at 看一看；请看
could i have a look at the instructions myself? 我可以自己看看说明书吗？
a passion for 酷爱
some people have a passion for eating chocolate.有些人十分喜好吃巧克力。
a word with sb.和„„说话 he came back to have a word with me.他回来跟我说几句话。
access to 可以进入/使用
students must have/gain/ get access to a good library.学生必须有机会利用好的图书馆。
an effect on 对„„有影响、效果
fathers have an enormous effect on their children's personalities.父亲对孩子们的个性有巨大的影响。
faith / confidence in 对„„有信心
he has lost faith in his ability since he failed in the exam.自从考试不及格，他就对自己的能力丧失了信心。
influence on 对„„有影响
news media have a great influence on people's mind.新闻媒介对人的思想有很大的影响。
no choice but to do 别无选择
we shall have no choice but to complain, to the manager about it.我们只好向经理投诉这件事。
/ show respect for 尊敬某人
you must have respect for the feelings of others.你必须顾虑别人的感情。
trouble with „„有困难
why don't you have so much trouble with her? 为什么你和她之间就没有这么多麻烦呢？
for 驶向，走向
we saw him heading for us, so we stepped aside.我们看见他向我们走来, 就让到一边。
a firm belief in 对某事怀着坚定信念
it is on these achievements that we hold a firm belief in the possibility of further progress.就是这些成绩让我们坚信将来能够发展。
back 阻止，忍住
no one can hold back the wheel of history.没有人能够阻挡历史的车轮。
on 抓牢；坚持
if he can just hold on a little longer, we can get help to him.如果他能再坚持一会儿, 我们就能使他得到帮助了。
out 伸出（手等）
they held out the hand of friendship to me.他们向我伸出了友谊之手。
up 举起；阻挡，使停顿
we had planned to finish the work before dark, but the heavy rain held us up.我们原计划在天黑以前干完这项工作, 可给大雨耽搁了。hold up your hands if you have any question.如有问题请举手。
i(39个)
(the)presence / face of 当着„„的面 he is always cool in the face of danger.他在危险面前总是镇静自若。
a loud voice 大声
he is so mild that i have never heard him speak in a loud voice.他总是很温和，以至于我从来没听过他大声说话。
a way 在某种程度上
in a way, i'm glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.在某种程度上说, 你犯那个错误我倒感到高兴, 因为它可以对你敲警钟。
a word 总之
in a word, i can't go out as i have many things to do.总而言之, 我不能出去, 因为我有许多事情要做。
addition to 除„„之外（还）
emphasizes exercise in addition to a change in diet.约翰医生强调不仅要改变饮食还要锻炼身体。
advance 提前
is it necessary to book the tickets in advance? 有必要提前订票吗？
all 总共
there are fifteen books on the first shelf, twenty-one on the second, making thirty-six in all.书架的第一层有15本书, 第二层有21本, 总共是36本。
any case 无论如何
all these rules must be observed in any case.无论如何，所有的条例都必须遵守。
brief 简而言之
to begin with, i'd like to tell in brief the importance of the work.首先, 我想简要谈谈这项工作的重要性。
case of 万一
please let us know in case of further requirement.如有进一步的需求，请通知我们。
common with 和„„有共同之处 i have a lot in common with my sister.我和我姐姐有很多相同之处。
danger of 处于„„的危险中 this river is in danger of being fished out.这条河里的鱼有被捕光的危险。
detail 详细地
how it is done should be explained in detail.这件事如何做应该详细地解释一下。
good condition 状况良好
i promise to return your bicycle in good condition.我答应把你的自行车完好无损地归还你。
honor of 向„„表示敬意；为纪念„„
a banquet will be given in honor of the visiting president.将为来访的总统举行一个宴会。
line 协调，有秩序；成一直线 what are those people standing in line for? 那些人排队干什么？
low/ high spirits 情绪低落/兴高采烈
mary has been in low spirits ever since her mother died.玛丽自从母亲去世后情绪一直很低落。
memory of 纪念
he founded the charity in memory of his late wife.他创办了那个慈善机构以纪念他已故的妻子。
no case 绝不
in no case should the temperature of the store room be over20℃.储藏室的温度决不可高于20℃。
no time 立刻
the boy figured out the problem in no time.男孩很快解决了那道算题。
no way 绝不 she is in no way to blame.根本不应该怪她。
order 按顺序；整齐；状况良好 the names are arranged in order.姓名按顺序排列。
other words 换句话说
in other words, we are much luckier than chinese living in the united states.相比之下，我们要比在美国的华人幸运得多。
particular 尤其，特别
why did you choose that day in particular? 你为何特别选了那一天？
poor health 身体不好
that old woman has long been in poor health.那位老太太长期以来身体不好。
private 私下里
he can be very rude in private, though in public he is usually polite.他在大庭广众中通常很有礼貌, 但私下里很粗鲁。
public 当众；公开地 she is shy of speaking in public.她怯于在公众面前讲话。
reality 实际上，事实上
is a professor in name but not in reality.格林先生是徒有虚名的教授。
search of 对„„的搜寻
he glanced about as if he was in search of something.他扫视了四周, short 简言之，总之 in short, we must be prepared.总而言之, 我们要有准备。
spite of 不顾，不管
he was behaving normally in spite of his anxiety.尽管他心中焦急，但仍然举止如常。
terms of 在„„方面
in terms of money we're quite rich, but not in terms of happiness.就钱来说我们很富有，但论及幸福就不然了。
the course of 在„„的过程中
the new railway is in the course of construction.新的铁路正在建设中。
the form of 以„„的形式 water vapor is water in the form of a gas.水蒸气是气态的水。
the meantime 同时，在这期间
in the meantime, an economic crisis take place in that country.在这期间那个国家发生了经济危机。
use 使用着
plastic is in widespread use.塑料已被广泛地使用。
… of…
通知某人某事
we regret to inform you of the cancellation of the tour.我们遗憾地通知您，此次旅行取消了。
on 坚持
they insist on our staying there a bit longer.他们坚持要我们再呆一会儿。
to do sth.打算做某事
what do you intend to do when you leave college? 你毕业后打算做什么？
j(1个)
from 从„„判断 don't judge from appearances.人不可貌相。
k(17个)
…at a distance 与„„保持距离
i was wondering why you seemed to want to keep everybody at a distance.我那时不懂你为什么对别人都很冷淡。
…doing 让某人一直做 news of success keeps pouring in.捷报频传。
…in mind 牢牢记住
that's something we have always to keep in mind.那是我们应该经常记在心里的。
an eye on 照看
can you keep an eye on my suitcase for a moment.你能给我照管一会儿手提箱吗。
in contact with 与„„保持联系
have you been in contact with your sister recently? 近来你和你姐姐有没有联系？
off 让开；不接近
the doctor advised jack to keep off fattening foods.医生劝告杰克不吃致肥食物。
on 继续，保持
if we keep on our way for another hour, we should reach the village.如果再继续向前走一小时, 我们就到那个村子了。
one’s promise 信守诺言
please feel assured that we will keep our promise.请放心我们一定遵守诺言。
pace with 跟上„„的步伐，与„„齐头并进
it's important for a firm to keep pace with changes in the market.对一个公司来说，能跟上市场的发展是很重要的。
y 陪伴某人
if they insist on fighting, we will keep them company.如果他们一定要打，我们就奉陪。
to 遵守（计划、时刻表等）；信守（诺言等）the tourists insist on keeping to their plan.旅行者坚持按旅行计划行事。
up with 跟上（人、潮流、形势等）we must keep up with the times.我们必须跟上时代。
/ pass time 消磨时间 where shall i go to kill some time? 到哪里消磨时间好呢？
down 撞到；击倒
he knocked his opponent down with one blow in the competition.比赛中他一拳就打倒了他的对手。
but not least 最后但一样重要的是
last but not least, more exercises help us keep healthy and fit.最后, 多做运动能够使我们保持健康。
on 后来
learn by heart my words, or you will regret this later on.记住我的话，否则以后你会后悔的。
a foundation for 为„„奠定基础
if the reform is successful, it will lay a solid foundation for sustained development over the next few decades.如果改革成功，会为今后几十年的持续稳定发展奠定坚实的基础。
l(22个)
/ place/ put emphasis/ importance on 强调，重视
his report has laid great emphasis on the development of education.他的报告着重强调了教育的发展。
to 导致；通向
in given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good results.在一定条件下, 一件坏事可以导致好的结果。
… by heart 熟记，背
he managed to learn the contents of the letter by heart.他已设法把这封信的内容背了下来。
/ draw a lesson from 从„„中吸取教训
the first great lesson that a young man shall learn is that he knows nothing.年轻人应该上的第一课是，他懂得自己什么也不知道。
…alone 更不用说
she wants to think things out quietly, so we had better leave her alone.她要安静地考虑一下, 最好别打扰她。
alone 更不用说
the baby can not even walk, let alone run.这个小孩连走路都不会，更不用说跑了。
out 放出；发出
please let the water out of the bathtub.请把浴缸里的水放掉。
in 在于
your problem lies in lacking efficient methods.你的问题在于缺少有效的方法。
up to 实现，不辜负
did the tv play live up to your expectations? 这部电视剧有你期望的那样好吗?
standards 生活水平
critics say his reforms have caused the fall in living standards.31 批评家说他的改革措施导致了生活水准下降。
for 渴望
i long for a trip to the cape of good hope.我渴望到好望角去旅行。
around 环视；向四周看
you'd better look around carefully before making the final decision.在作最后结论之前,你应该仔细考虑。
back 回顾
as i look back, scenes of the past leap before my eyes.追忆往事, 历历在目。
down on/ upon 轻视
we should not look down on manual labor.我们不应该轻视体力劳动。
into 调查，观察
the government will look into how to reduce unemployment.政府将研究如何降低失业率。
on 旁观
in no case will they look on passively.他们决不会在一边看热闹。
through 浏览；核查；看穿，识破
you may look through the notes and other study materials.大家看一下笔记和相关资料。
to 依赖，指望
children usually look to their parents for guidance and reassurance.儿童通常依靠他们的父母来获得指导和宽慰。
up to 尊敬
they all look up to him as their leader.他们都尊他为他们的领袖。
heart 失去信心
he failed many times, but he did not lose heart.他失败了许多次,但他并没有失去信心。
in 主修
what subject did you major in university?
你在大学主修的科目是什么?
/ commit a mistake 犯错
young as he is, he naturally committed such a mistake.他年纪还轻嘛, 难怪犯了这样的错误。
m(25个)
/ earn a living 谋生
she heard that it was easier to make a living in the big cities.她听说大城市谋生容易些。
a decision 做决定
it's not right to make a decision without investigation and study.没有调查研究就作出决定是不妥的。
a fortune 发财
we must make a fortune by means of industry.我们必须勤劳致富。
a list 列一张清单
before i go shopping, i make a list of the things i must buy.在上街买东西之前, 我把必须买的东西列出一个单子。
a profit 赚取利润
newspapers make a profit from the advertisements they carry.报纸由其所刊登的广告获取利益。
a promise 许诺
if you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了,你就要履行你的诺言。
an effort 努力
you should make an effort to learn something new everyday.我们必须努力去每天学一点新东西。
an offer 努力
arrangements for 为„„安排
can you make arrangements for a dinner party? 您能为我安排一次宴会吗?
comments on 发表评论
you're welcome to make any comments on our products.迎接您对我们地产品提出贵重地意见。
complaints about 抱怨
i have some complaints to make about the canteen service on the campus.对于校园内食堂服务问题我有意见要提。
contact with 与„„取得联系
if there is an emergency make immediate contact with head office.如果有紧急情况,立刻联系总部。
contributions to 对„„作贡献
it is our duty to make contributions to our motherland.为祖国做出贡献是我们的责任。
out 辨认出
through the mist i could just make out a vague figure.透过雾霭,我只能看见一个模糊的人影。
sense 讲得通，有意义
does it make sense to let children play with matches? 让小孩玩火柴有意义吗?
sure 确保，查明
make sure the current is switched off before you leave on holiday.你出去度假前一定要把电源关上。
trouble 惹麻烦
you are thoughtless in speech and always make trouble.你就是太口快了!总是容易惹事!
up 组成；编造；补偿
how many countries make up the common market?(欧洲)共同市场由多少国家组成?
he loves to make up lies to fool me with.他爱编造谎言糊弄我。
up for 补偿，弥补
hard work can often make up for a lack of ability.努力工作经常可以弥补能力的不足。
use of 使用；利用
we also train them to make use of reference books.我们还培养他们使用参考书。
/ leave an impression on 留下印象
she's always trying to make an impression on people with her new clothes.她总是试图用穿新衣给人留下印象。
one’s need/ demand/ expectation
满足某人的需要/期望 quality is defined as to meet customer expectation.质量的定义为是否满足客户期望来体现。
the requirement of 满足要求
the products can meet the requirement of customer for various specifications.其产品绝对能满足顾客的各种规格要求。
up 弄乱，弄糟
he didn't want to mess up the situation.他不想把事情弄糟。
e a for b 把a误认为b there are lots of people who mistake their imagination for their memory.有许多人将他们的想象当做记忆。
n(1个)
ate with sb.与某人谈判协商
i'll negotiate with their coach on the date of the match.我将与他们的教练磋商比赛的日期问题。
o(25个)
to 反对
i don't object to the children going with us.我不反对孩子们和我们一道去。
do 迫使某人 circumstances oblige me to do that.情况使我不得不那样做。
e the regulations/ rules 遵守规则 we must observe the rules and regulations.我们必须遵守各项规章制度。
to 想到
it didn't occur to him that she would refuse his invitation.他没有想到她会拒绝他的邀请。
board 在船上
the captain refused to leave his sinking ship while there were others on board.在船上还有其他人的时候,船长不肯离开正在下沉的船。
campus 在校园内
there is a widespread dissatisfaction among the students with the food on campus.学生们普遍对学校的饭菜不太满意。
condition that 只要
he can use the bicycle on condition(that)he returns it tomorrow.自行车可以借给他,条件是明天必须归还。
display 在展览
many exhibits with characteristics of the chinese art are on display.许多具有中国艺术特色的展品陈列出来。
fire 着火
she is a person who would set the world on fire.她是那种会做出惊人之举引起轰动的人。
one’s own
单独
success in study mainly depends on one's own efforts.学习主要靠自己努力。
one’s side
站在某人一边，支持某人 they are on my side in this issue.在这个问题上,他们跟我们的立场一致。
purpose 故意地
you might cut yourself by accident, you would not cut yourself on purpose.你可能意外地割伤自己, 你不会故意割伤自己。
sale 出售；廉价出售
i think these earrings are on sale this week.这种耳环这周特价出售。
tickets are on sale from the booking office.售票处正在售票。
schedule 准时
i have accomplished the task on schedule.我按时完成了任务。
the contrary 正相反
you think you are clever;on the contrary, i assure that you are very foolish.你自以为很聪明, 相反地, 我确信你很傻。
the occasion of 在做某事的场合/情况
on the occasion of arrival of new year, please accept my sincere greeting.在新年到来之际, 请接受我最良好的祝愿。
the way to 在去„„路上
i met an old friend on the way to work this morning.今天早上我在上班的路上碰到了一位老朋友。
the whole 就总体而言
my opinion is on the whole the same as in a while 偶尔
he went to see them once in a while.他偶尔去探望他们。
e on 做手术
the doctors decided to operate(on her)immediately.医生决定马上(给她)动手术。
than 除了
you can't get there other than by boat.除了坐船,你无法去那里。
of breath 喘不过气来
he ran so fast that he was out of breath.他跑得太快,气都喘不过来了。
of order/ control 失灵/失控
the telephone was out of order, but is functional now.电话刚才坏了, 但现在可以用了。
of/ within range 在射程外/内 the ship came within range of vision.已经看得见那条船了。
to 由于
owing to the bad weather, we didn’t go to the park.37 由于天气不好, 我们没有去公园。
p(27个)
ipate in 参与
they invited the world to participate in at international exposition.他们邀请世界各国参加国际博览会。
away 穿过，经历
i recently had a cousin pass away from cancer.我的一个堂姐最近因癌症去世了。
by 路过
i pass by the post office every day on my way to school.我每天上学都经过邮局。
on/ down 传递；传授
everyone was struck by their readiness to pass on all they knew.他们很愿意把自己的知识传给别人,这给每个人都留下深刻印象。
through 穿过，经历
an estimated 1600 vessels pass through the strait annually.估计每年有1，600艘船通过该海峡。
a visit to 访问，经历
did you pay a visit to the leaning tower in pisa while you were in italy? 你在意大利期间参观了比萨斜塔吗?
attention to 注意
everyone should pay attention to preserving his own eyesight.每人都应注意保护视力。
back 偿还，回报
i am sure that he will pay back every cent he owes you.我敢肯定他会分文不差地把欠款还给你。
off 还清（借款）
you must pay off your old loan before you can obtain a new one.你必须还清旧账, 然后才能再借款。
ere in 坚持不懈
hard as the condition be, he persevere in his study.虽然条件艰苦，但他仍坚持学习。
t in 坚持/ 执意做某事
why do you persist in thinking me so narrow-minded? 为什么你总是认为我的心胸是这样狭窄呢？
up 学会
where did you pick up your excellent english? 你是在哪里学会这样一口流利的英语的？ will you pick me up at my place? 你能到我的住处来接我吗?
an order for 订购某物
can i have a 10% discount if i place an order for 5000 bicycles? 如果我订购5000辆自行车，我能得到百分之十的折扣吗？
a part(in)（在„„中）起作用
childhood experiences often play a big part in shaping one's at 指着
it’s rude to point at people when one speaks in some countries.在有些国家,说话时用手指指人是不礼貌的。
it doing sth.禁止某人做某事
i fear that a prior engagement will prohibit me from joining you at dinner.我有约在先,恐怕不能与你共进晚餐。
e sth/ provide sth for sb 向某人提供某物 was he able to provide you with the information? 他能给你提供消息吗？
… into practice 将„„付诸实施
as things are, we cannot put the plan into practice.就目前情况看来，我们还不能将此计划付诸现实。
… into words 用言辞表达
we should learn to put our ideas into words as accurately as possible.我们要学会把我们的思想尽可能地用精确的言语表达出来。
away 把„„收起；放好 she washed the cups and put them away.她洗完杯子后便把他们收了起来。
down 放下；记下
you should put down every word she says.39 你要记下她说的每句话。
forward 提出
he put forward a plan for the committee to consider.他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议。
out 出版；公布；扑灭 far water does not put out near fire.远水救不了近火。
they have already put out a new periodical.他们已经出版了一种新的期刊。
pressure on 对„„施加压力
ageing will put pressure on societies at all levels.老龄问题将对社会各阶层带来压力。
through 接通电话
i want to put a call through to beijing.我想给北京挂一个长途电话。
up 搭建；提出（计划等）；留宿 i put up the proposal on your behalf.我是为你的利益才提出这个建议的。
it's time we put up the christmas decorations in the living room.我们该在起居室里张贴一些圣诞装饰物了。
up with 忍受
i can't put up with her another day — she never stops complaining.她整天抱怨,我一天也不能忍受了。
r(16个)
(in)… from… to…
（在某方面）从„„到„„不等 those dresses range in price from twenty to fifty yuan.这些衣服的价钱自20元至50元。
than 而不是
rather than being punished, he should be rewarded.他该受奖励而不应该受惩罚。
out for 伸出手拿
you must reach out for any opportunity that comes your way.你必须抓住所遇到的任何机遇。
r from 从„„中恢复
it takes a long time for him to recover from a bad cold.他患重感冒，很长时间才康复。
to 参阅，指的是
refer to the dictionary when you don't know how to spell a word.当你不知道怎么拼写一个词时, 查阅一下词典。does your remark refer to all of us? 你的评论是针对我们所有的人的吗?
… as 把„„看作
we regard our support to them as our duty.我们把对他们的支持当作我们的职责。
less of 不顾，不管
she is determined to do regardless of all consequences.她不顾一切后果，决心这样做。
sb of sth 提醒某人„„
thanks for your gift—it will always remind me of you.谢谢你们的礼物——它将使我经常想到你们。
e a with b 用b取代a humor allows us to replace anxious feelings with easy joy.幽默使们能够用轻松的快乐代替焦虑的心情。
d to 对„„作反应
would anyone care to respond to the last question? 有愿意回答最后一个问题吗？
from 产生于，来自
nothing had resulted from our efforts.我们的努力没有产生什么结果。
in 导致、引起
the use of such technique could result in air pollution.使用这种技术会造成空气污染。
… with…
用某物回报某人 does god punish or reward us with love?
爱,是上帝用来惩罚我们的还是奖赏我们的呢?
across 碰见；偶然发现
i ran across her in the public library yesterday.我昨天在公共图书馆碰巧遇见了她。
after 追赶，追捕，跟踪
the policemen are running after a prisoner who escaped last night.警察在追捕一名昨夜逃跑的犯人。
hour（公共车辆的）高峰时间 you cannot park here during the rush hour.交通高峰时你不能把车停在这儿。
s(35个)
through 看穿
he's a poor liar;anyone can see through him.他说谎不高明, 任何人都能识破。
to 注意；负责（做某事），照顾（某人）see to it that you're ready on time!请务必按时准备好!
leave it up to me.i'll see to it.交给我吧, 我会负责的。
for 派人去请
he was so ill that we had to send for a doctor.他病得很重,我们只好给他请医生了。
te a from b 把a和b分开
it's not difficult to separate a butterfly from a moth.区别蝴蝶和飞蛾并不难。
as 充当，起„„作用
it may serve as teaching material by negative example.它可以作反面教材。
… free 释放
we pray you to set the prisoner free.我们恳求你释放这个囚犯。
about 开始，着手
she set about complaining as soon as she arrived.她一到就开始抱怨。
an example 树立榜样
her diligence has set an example to the others.她的勤奋为其他人树立了榜样。
aside 留出，拔出；把„„置于一旁 setting the chair aside, he sat on the floor.他把椅子搁到一旁, 坐在地板上。
the hotel manager set aside two pleasant rooms for us.旅店经理给我们留出两间舒适的房间。
off 出发，启程；着手（做某事）it is suggested that we set off straight away.有人建议我们立刻动身。
out 出发；开始
the government has set out to make many needed reforms.政府开始进行许多必要的改革。
up 竖立；建立；设立；提出
a monument was set up as a memorial to the dead soldiers.为阵亡将士立了一个纪念碑。
down 定居
he should get a house and settle down.他应该买幢房子安定下来。
y/ soon after 在„„后不久
a plane crashed shortly after taking off, killing all 163 on board.一架飞机在起飞后不久坠毁, 机上163人全部丧生。
up 出席；（使）显现
a police put some chemicals on the piece of paper and a line of words showed up.一位警察在一张条上涂上化学药品, 一行字迹清晰地显现出来。he showed up when we least expected him.我们根本没有料到, 他竟然来了。
up for 报名参加
where do i sign up for that tour? 我到哪里去报名参加那个旅行呢？
up 熬夜
we don't allow the children to sit up late.我们不允许孩子们熬夜。
down 减慢速度
slow down, i'll take care of them one by one.慢一点，一个一个来。
or
表示因果关系的词和词组 表示因果关系的成语篇五
表达因果关系可使用due to,lead to,cause/be caused by,because of等多种表达法,这些表达法前可使用can/could等情态动词。can/could表示因果关系可能性的大小，could所表示的可能性比can小些。the problem of the family could be due to the absence of a father.这个家庭出现的问题也许是由于缺少父爱而造成的。
unemployment can be caused by/be due to/be because of the recession.失业可能是由于经济不景气造成的。1．due to due to表示“由于”，可作表语，用于be due to结构，to为介词，其后需跟名词、名词性短语或代词等；due to也可用作状语。例如：
the high rate of unemployment is due to the recession.失业率高是由于经济不景气造成的。（作表语）his success is due to hard work.他的成功是努力工作的结果。（作表语）the match was cancelled due to rain.因为下雨比赛被取消了。（作状语）2．cause/lead to 在主动语态的句子中，to cause/to lead to意义相近，表示“导致，引起”。需注意在lead to中to为介词，其后需跟名词、名词性短语或代词等，另外，lead to不能用于被动语态。例如： the recession caused/lead to the higher rate of unemployment.经济的萧条导致了失业率增高。
the higher rate of unemployment was caused by the e of because of 是复合介词，表示“因为”。例如：
the high rate of unemployment is because of the recession.i came back because of the rain.因为下雨我就回来了。
crime can occur because of poverty.犯罪可因贫穷而造成。
because the duration of action of the toxin is limited, treatment of ten must be given about every three months.（因为此毒素的作用时期是有限的，每三个月必须治疗一次。）because of his incompetence, we lost a lot of business.（因为他的能力不足，我们失去很多生意。）
just because i don't complain doesn't mean i'm satisfied.（就因为我不发怨言，并不表示我很满意。）
since this research cannot be justified on the basis of its therapeutic benefit for the patient, it must be considered nontherapeutic.（由於此研究不能以治疗带来的利益来衡量，我们必须从治疗以外的角度来看此研究。）
the argument is fallacious, for it is based on a set of factual flaws.（这段论述是谬误的，因为它的基础与事实不符。）
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as he has been in prison several times, he is a prime suspect for the case.（由於他坐过几次牢，他是此案件的主嫌犯。）
now that these studies have provided us with more convenient, versatile antibiotic strategies for treating low-risk patients with fever and neutropenia, outpatient treatment of these diseases seem justified.（由於这些研究提供我们较方便、多用途的抗生素，以治疗患有发烧以及嗜中性白血球减少症的低危险群患者，那么以门诊方式处理这些疾病似乎就显得名正言顺。）
criticism is necessary in that it helps us to correct our mistakes.（批评是必要的，因为批评有助於我们改正错误。）
the reason why we failed is that the costs were too high.（我们失败的原因是成本太高。）
he complains with reason that he has been punished unfairly.（他有所抱怨，理由是他受到的处罚不公平。）
there is no reason to believe that he is dishonest.（我们没有理由相信他是不诚实的。）give me your reasons for doing it.（告诉我你这么做的理由。）
for these reasons, it appears that the patients we studied viewed “alternative” medicine as a complement to rather than an alternative to established medical practices for treating breast cancer.（基於这些理由，我们研究的病患似乎把另类疗法视为治疗乳癌的补充疗法，而非替代疗法。）
the decline in sales is due to several factors.（销售下降要归咎於若干因素。）many people are unemployed as a result of the economic slump.（很多人因为经济不景气而失业。）
as a result, physicians may be reluctant to treat the mother aggressively at the time of initial diagnosis.（因此，医生或许会不愿意在初次诊断的时候，就积极的治疗这位母亲。）
as a consequence, many researchers routinely violate its requirements.（因此，许多研究人员经常违反规定。）
as a consequence of the results of the aforementioned analyses, patients referring pain located at the right epigastrium were selected and further evaluated.（基於前述分析之结果，病患称右上腹部疼痛的，我们会加以筛选，再进一步评估。）
thanks to the new technology, these problems have largely been eliminated.（感谢这个新科技，这些问题大体上都消除了。）
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i lost my card so i have to apply for a new one.（我的卡掉了，所以我必须申请一张新卡。）
i think, therefore i am.（我思故我在）
i gave him my advice;i hope he may profit thereby.（我已经劝告他了，我希望他会因此而受惠。）
he worked hard, and hence his success.（他努力工作，因此就成功了。）
from this evidence it follows that he is not the murderer.（从这项证据推定，他不是凶手。）
according to the weather forecast, we will have rain tomorrow.（根据气象预测，明天将下雨。）
based on a true story, the book portrays the village as a pleasant place.（根据真实故事，此本书把这村庄描绘成一个令人愉快的地方。）
in view of the prisoner's good character hitherto, he was placed on probation.（有鉴於此囚犯到目前为止所表现的品行，他获得缓刑。）
in light of the new evidence, we decided to take the manufacturer to court.（由於这项新证据，我们决定控告厂商。）
seeing that he is young, his salary is not so bad.（因为他还年轻，他的薪水还不错。）in consideration of his hard work, we paid him well.（因为他工作努力，我们给他丰厚的报酬。）
out of consideration for his family, they didn't dismiss him.（考虑到他的家庭，他们没有开除他。）
owing to the rain, the match was canceled.（因为天雨，比赛取消了。）
accordingly, we infer that the cognitive structures proposed by piaget is not valid for explaining the course of cognitive development during the stage.（因此，我们推论，piaget所提出的认知架构，无法解释此阶段的认知发展。）
cell types have been implicated in the etiology of autoimmune diseases.（细胞型态一直是自动免疫系统疾病的肇因之一）
other factors may all play important roles in the development of progressive liver disease.（其他因素在进行性肝病的发展上，也都可能扮演重要角色。）
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genetic factors are important in the development of most autoimmune diseases.（基因在大部分自动免疫疾病的发展上都是重要的因素。）
what the researchers found, after adjusting for age and other risk factors, was a direct link between how much the men smoked and how sick they got.（调整年龄以及其他危险因素後，研究人员发现，抽多少香烟与病情的严重性，有直接的关连。）
recreational physical activity was inversely related to the risk of cholecystectomy.（休闲活动越多，越不会发生胆囊切除手术的需要，两者在因果关系上成反比。）the storm was responsible for most of the damage.（这次损失的大部分都要归咎於这场风暴。）
we observed a significant association between temperatures and crime rates.（我们观察到天气温度与犯罪率之间有重大关连。）
our studies support the idea that there is a correlation between genetic defects and certain diseases.（我们的研究支持一种看法，那就是，基因缺陷与某些疾病之间有关连。）the increase is attributable to the ad campaign.（此项增长要归功於广告活动。）the fair weather contributed to the success of the expedition.（良好的天气促成了这次探险的成功。）
chronic ethanol consumption has been shown to result in multiple structural and functional alterations in hepatic mitochondria.（研究显示，长期摄取乙醇会导致肝粒线体上，多结构性、功能性的变化。）
many illnesses result from lack of exercise.（许多疾病导因於缺乏运动。）rainstorms cause damage every year.（豪雨每年都引起灾害。）
these experiments leads to many great discoveries.（这些实验导致许多伟大的发现。）cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among americans.（心脏血管的疾病是美国人死亡的首要原因。）
privileges often give rise to abuses.（特权往往导致弊端。）his rude remarks occasioned the quarrel.（他的粗鲁谈话引起争吵。）there is no occasion for anxiety.（没有必要焦虑。）there is no ground for fear.（我们没有理由害怕。）
his actions generated a good deal of suspicion.（他的行为引起很大的疑心。）
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technological development has brought about a revolution in industry.（科技的发展导致工业界的革命。）
the musical produced a great sensation throughout the country.（这音乐剧在全国各地引起轰动。）
jack was excused on the ground(grounds)of his youth.（杰克因年轻而获得原谅。）hunger was the motive for his stealing.（饥饿是促使他偷窃的动机。）
the bonus is an incentive for me to work hard.（奖金是促使我辛勤工作的动机。）the prize was the spur that made me study hard.（得奖是促使我用功读书的动力。）i don't have the drive to accomplish things.（我没有做事情的动机。）
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